M4 - Work and Simple Machines
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 work | done when a force exerted on an object causes that object to move some distance; equal to force times distance; measured in joules (J) |
| power | rate at which work is done; equal to work done divided by time taken; also equal to the rate at which energy is transferred; measured in watts (W) |
| input force | force exerted on a machine |
| output force | force exerted by a machine |
| mechanical advantage | number of times the input force is multiplied by a machine |
| efficiency | equals the output work divided by the input work; expressed as a percentage |
| simple machine | a machine that does work with only one movement |
| compound machine | machine made up of a combination of two or more simple machines |
| inclined plane | a flat surface, sloped surface, or ramp |
| wedge | an inclined plane that moves |
| screw | an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder or post to form a thread |
| lever | a rigid rod or plank that pivots or rotates about a fixed point |
| wheel and axle | a simple machine made from two circular objects of different sizes that are attached and rotate together |
| pulley | a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around the groove |
| fixed pulley | a pulley that is attached to a structure so that it cannot move; changes the direction you pull but does not change the force you exert or the distance over which you exert it |
| movable pulley | a pulley that is attached to the object being lifted and moves with the object |
| first-class lever | lever where the fulcrum is between the input force and the output force (e.g. see-saw) |
| second-class lever | lever where the output force (load) is between the input force and the fulcrum (e.g. wheelbarrow) |
| third-class lever | lever where the input force is between the output force and the fulcrum (e.g. leaf rake) |
| input work | amount of work put into a machine by a person |
| output work | amount of work done by the machine |
| fulcrum | the fixed point around which a lever pivots |
| kinetic energy | energy an object has due to its motion, depends on the mass and velocity of the object. |
| potential energy | energy stored in an object due to its position; for an object that is lifted, it depends on the height the object is lifted above the Earth's surface, and the mass of the object. |
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