Chapter 7
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The skin | the one system that can be inspected in its entirety without requiring specialized medical imaging techniques. |
| The skin consists of two layers | Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous |
| Accessory structures of the skin | glands, hair and nails |
| Sebaceous Glands | oil glands |
| Sudoriferous Glands | sweat glands |
| Functions of the Integumentary System | 1. protection against infection 2. protection against dehydration (drying) 3. regulation of body temperature 4. collection of sensory information |
| The skeleton | is the strong framework on which the body is constructed. Bones work with muscles to produce movement at the joints. The bones and joints, together with supporting connective tissue, form the skeletal system. |
| Function of the Bones | 1. to serve as a firm framework for the entire body 2. to protect such delicate structures as the brain and the spinal cord 3. to serve as levers, working with attached muscles to produce movement 4. to serve as a storehouse for calcium salts 5. to produce blood cells |
| Bone structure | the complete bony framework of the body, known as the skeleton consists of 206 bones. The bones different shapes are flat, short, irregular and long. |
| Types of Muscle | Smooth muscle (involuntary) Cardiac muscle (involuntary) Skeletal muscle (voluntary) |
| Primary function of the muscular system | 1. Movement of the skeleton 2. Maintenance of posture 3. Generation of heat |
| Function of the Nervous System | Serves as the Chief Coordinating Agency for all systems |
| Structural divisions of the nervous system | 1. Central nervous system (CNS) 2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
| Functional divisions of the nervous system | 1. Somatic nervous system (voluntary) 2. Autonomic nervous system (involuntary) The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into a sympathetic nervous system and a parasympathetic nervous system |
| Functional cells of the nervous system are highly specialized cells called | Neurons |
| Neurons have two kinds of fibers | 1. Dendrites: conduct impulses to the cell body 2. Axons: conduct impulses away from the body |
| What are the parts of the brain | 1. Brain stem 2. Cerebrum 3. Cerebellum 4. Diencephalon |
| What are the protective structures of the brain and spinal cord | The meninges are three layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord 1. dura mater 2. arachnoid 3. pia mater |
| What is the function of the sensory system | protects a person by detecting changes in the environment |
| Special and General senses | Special senses: -vision from receptors in the eye -hearing from receptors in the internal ear -Equilibrium from receptors in the internal ear -taste from tongue receptors -smell from receptors in the upper nasal cavities General senses: -pressure, temperature, pain and touch from receptors in the skin & internal organs -sense of position from receptors in the muscles, tendons, and joints |
| Structures that protect the eye | 1. the skull bones form the walls of the eye orbit 2. the upper & lower eyelids aid in protecting the eye's anterior portion 3. the eyelashes and eyebrow help keep foreign matter out of the eye 4. the conjunctiva lines the inner surface of the eyelids 5. tears-they lubricate the eye |
| What are the 3 separate coats or tunics of the eyeball | 1. sclera 2. choroid 3. retina |
| What are the 3 main sections of the ear | 1. the outer ear 2. the middle ear 3. the inner ear |
| What are the 3 small bones in the ear | ossicles |
| Endocrine system | a group of glands that produce hormones. the connections between the nervous system and the endocrine system enable endocrine function to adjust to the demands of the environment |
| What are the three different layers of the heart | 1. endocardium: 2. myocardium: 3. epicardium: |
| What are the four chambers of the heart | 1. the right atrium 2. the left atrium 3. the right ventricle 4. the left ventricle |
| What are the functions of the Lymphatic system | 1. Fluid balance 2. Protection from infection 3. Absorption of fats |
| What are the phases of respiration | 1. Pulmonary ventilation: the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the air sacs 2. External exchange of gases: occurs in the lungs 3. Internal exchange of gases: occurs in the tissues |
| What are the organs of the respiratory system | 1. nasal cavities 2. pharynx 3. larynx 4. trachea 5. bronchi 6. lungs |
| Definition of digestion | process of breaking down food into absorbable particles |
| Definition of absorption | transfer of digested nutrients from the digestive tract into the circulation |
| What are the three chief functions of the digestive system | 1. digestion 2. absorption 3. elimination |
| What are the four layers of the digestive tract | 1. mucous membrane 2. submucosa 3. smooth muscle 4. serous membrane |
| The main function of the urinary system | is excretion, removal and elimination of metabolic waste products from the blood |
| What are the organs of the urinary system | 1. two kidneys 2. two ureters 3. a single urinary bladder 4. a single urethra |
| What are the functions of the kidney | 1. excretion of unwanted substances 2. maintenance of water balance 3. regulation of the acid-base balance of body fluids 4. regulation of blood pressure 5. regulation of red blood cell production |
| Where are the ureters located | are located posterior to the peritoneum and, at the distal portion, below the peritoneum, are entirely extraperitoneal |
| What is meiosis | process of cell division that halves the chromosome number in the formation of the reproductive cells |
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