SCIENCE TEST!
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Created by:
steviepliss on December 15, 2010
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 a break in the lithosphere along which the rocks move. | fault |
| the force that acts on the rock to change it's shape or volume. | stress |
| what are the 3 kinds of tress that can occur in the crust? | tension, compression, shearing. |
| what does tension do to the crust, which causes what to happen to the rock so it becomes thinner in the middle?(2 plates moving apart) | 1. tension 2.stretching |
| what does compression do to a rock until it does 1 of what 2 things? (2plates pushing against each other) | 1. squeezes 2.folds or breaks |
| what does shearing do to a rock in different directions or different speeds causing them to what, and what, or what their what?(2 plates passing each other) | 1.pushes 2.break 3.slip apart 4.hange their shape |
| what are seismic waves generated by? | earthquakes. |
| what are the 3 kinds of waves? | primary, secondary, and surface waves. |
| what do seismic waves travel through? | earth. |
| give an example or comparison of seismic waves. | like when the waves travel through a rope when you shake it. |
| focus | the point where this energy release first occurs is the focus of an earthquake. |
| what is the plural of focus? | foci |
| the foci of most earthquakes are within how far from earths surface? | 65 KM |
| hw deep have a few foci been recorded? | 700 KM |
| what are produced and travel outward from the foucs? | seismic waves. |
| what is the epicenter? | the point of earths surface directly above the focus. |
| what is a seismograph? | an instrument to measure seismic waves from earthquakes. |
| what does the seismograph do? | they register the waves and record the time that each arrived. |
| what is the seismograph consist of? | a rotating drum of paper, and a pendelum with an attached pen. |
| how does the seismograph work? | when the seismic waves reach it the drum vibrates but the pen stays at the rest. |
| what is the paper record of the seismic event called? | seismogram. |
| which waves out of the three types are the fastest? | primary waves. |
| which of the 3 types of waves stop at the liquid core? | secondary waves. |
| which of the 3 types of waves makes the MOST destruction? | surface waves. |
| which of the 3 kinds of waves are the cause to move rocks back and forth? | primary waves. |
| which of the 3 types of waves move rocks in a backward rolling motion, side to side, and swaying motion. | surface waves. |
| which of the 3 types of waves cause rocks to move at a right angle, and the direction of the wave travel. | secondary waves. |
| magnitude | the energy that is released when the height of the lines traced on the paper of seismograph of the earthquake. |
| what scale is used to describe the strength of an earthquake? | richter scale. |
| liquefacation | when wet soil shakes from an earthquake and becomes more liquidy. |
| what happens if liquefacation occurs underneath buildings? | the buildings can collapse or sink into the soil. people living in high risk earthquake areas should avoid building their homes on loose soil. |
| why do surface waves cause the most damage from an earthquake? | because because the buildings cant withstand the intense shaking so they move in different directions. and because they combine with p and s waves. |
| earthquake | vibrations produced by the breaking of rock. |
| elastic deformation | rocks bent and stretched out of shape by force. |
| plate movement | constant motions of plates. |
| shear | forces on either side of fault cause rok to slide past each other. |
| elastic limit | limits to how far rocks can bend and stratch. |
| tension | force that pulls rock apart. |
| srike-slip fault | rocks on either side of the fault move past each other without much upward or downward movement. |
| normal fault | results from tension, pulling rock apart;where the rock above the fault surface drops in relation to rock below the fault surface. |
| reverse fault | results from compression forces squeezing rocks together ;rock above the fault surface drops in relation to rock below the fault surface. |
| what is the first step in seismic pressure? | rough edges catch due to friction temporarily halting movement along a fault. |
| what is the second step in seismic pressure? | forces keep driving the rocks to move and pressure builds. |
| what is the 3rd step in seismic pressure? | stress causes the rocks to bend and change shape. |
| what is the 4th step in seismic pressure? | rocks bend beyond their elastic limit,break, move along the fault, and return to their original shape. |
| what is the last step in seismic pressure? | an earthquake results. |
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