Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution Moses
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Reformation, Renaissance, and Exploration | 3 influences on the Scientific Revolution |
| Medieval World View | world view that took Christian theology and synthesized it with (scientific) views of the ancient authors (Aristotle, Ptolemy, etc.) most important act of learning was obtaining knowledge of God |
| Modern World View | world view that took emphasis on point of view, perspective, and the way you viewed world, how it works |
| Scientific Revolution | revolution in thinking and human knowledge |
| Copernicus | Polish, "concerning the revolutions of the heavenly spheres," developed heliocentric theory that contradicted Ptolemaic theory, was not anti-religious, believed god was the center of the universe |
| Brahe | Constructed great astronomical charts, Danish, has metal nose, thought moon and revolved around earth and the other planers revolved around sun; heavy drinker |
| Kepler | Brahe's student; disagreed with his findings bused his calculations to propose that the planets evolve on an elliptical orbit (not circular); church didn't like this because God made things perfect |
| Galileo | Italian; developed a telescope that magnified 30X; insists the universe operates according to mathematical principles; "Dialogues on the Two Chief Systems of the World," church called him heretic and had famous trial that demonstrated conflict b/t religion and science |
| Newton | considered to be greatest scientist of the revolution; "Principia Mathematica," developed ideas of inertia and gravity; father of differential calculus |
| Bacon | though knowledge should be deprived from experience; gave us scientific method (inductive and deductive) |
| enlightenment | an 18th century intellectual movement , Age of Reason |
| Descartes | French; mathematician, father of modern philosophy; analytical geometry; I think therefore I am; always gray area |
| Thomas Hobbes | English Philosopher; Leviathan; provided foundation for most western political philosophy; state of nature--nasty brutish short; strong central authority |
| John Locke | British philosopher; 2 Treatises of Civil Government and Essay Concerning Human Understanding; father of liberalism |
| Voltaire | infamous philosopher; French; advocacy of civil liberties; Candide |
| Rousseau | French; Emil; learn better from experience; Social Contract; Man is born free and he is everywhere in chains |
| Montesquieu | French philosopher; Spirit of the Laws; influenced America's founding fathers; didn't favor American independence |
| Adam Smith | father of modern economics; important figure of Scotish Enlightenment; Wealth of Nations; free enterprise; not much government involvement in economy; laissez-faire |
| Diderot | he played a role in creation of the Encyclopedia |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | Woman, wrote "Vindication of the Rights of Man" to help women get better lives; part of French Revolution |
| Benjamin Franklin | American;Worked with electricity and ways to harness it; aided in writing Declaration of Independence and Article of Confederation; |
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