Biblical Backgrounds3
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Ashlar Block | Stones used in building that are cut from a quarry |
| Balk | A meter wide "wall" left by the archaeologist between excavated sections |
| Field stones | Stones gathered and used in building |
| Homonymy | The attempt to locate names, location of biblical towns by working back from the Arabic name to the biblical name of the site |
| Stratigraphy | Arrangement of the layers for later analysis and interpretation |
| Stratum | Occupational later identified of a change of color from the layer above and below it |
| Tel/Tell | Artificial hill created by accumulated debris of successive human occupations |
| Three kinds of Archelology | Topographical Surveys, Nautical or Underwater Archeology, Field Excavations |
| Adobe | Material used in drier parts of Israel for construction |
| Beth | Hebrew word for "house", "family" and second letter in the alphabet |
| Courtyard | Center of a house, where much of the cooking, baking, weaving, and entertaining took place |
| Packed dirt | Material of the floors in most houses in ancient Israel, especially in the villages |
| Eleph | Hebrew word for 1000- and a tent clan |
| Fenestration | Windows in an interior wall of an Israelite house |
| Field Stones | Most common material used in construction of walls for homes in Hill Country |
| Four Room House | Most common floor plan in the O.T |
| Goat Hair | Woven into panels to construct tents |
| Ja'el | Kenite woman who killed Sisera with a tent peg |
| Kenites | Ethnic group who lived in tents; from this clan arose Ja'el |
| Parapet | Retaining wall built around a roof to keep people from falling off |
| Rechabites | Ethnic group who chose to live in tents; used by Jeremiah in one of his sermons |
| Romans | People who brought the use of arches to the building of homes |
| Sleeper Beams | Wooden beams sometimes inserted horizontally between courses of stone or brick |
| Sukkoth | Hebrew word identifying the annual autumn festival which reminded them of their "tenting days" in the wilderness |
| Tent dwellers | Patriarchs, Kenites, Rechabites |
| Amphora | Shipping containers for wine and oil |
| Primary clay | Pure clay that has not been moved from where the rocks containing feldspar broke apart |
| Clay | Substance produced when feldspar in rocks weather or break into small particles |
| Coils | Earliest attempt to make clay vessels- before the use of a potter's wheel |
| Fast Wheel | "Machine" consisting of two-wheels- heavy lower flywheel that the potter kicked |
| Feldspar | Common mineral found in a number of types of rocks |
| Slow Wheel | "Machine" consisting of two stone wheels with a lower stationary wheel and an upper one turned by hand |
| To Burnish | to close pores by rubbing with a stone or shell |
| to Turn | to cut off excess clay from an unfired vessel as it revolves on the wheel |
| Tournette | Another name for the slow wheel |
| Cheese | Made from Leben |
| Debhash | Sweetener; honey from bees |
| Fuel for baking and cooking | Thorns, wood, animal dung |
| Kefir | Fermented sour milk |
| Kosher | Foods prepared in accordance with Jewish dietary laws |
| Leaven | Yeast that caused bread to rise |
| Leben | Sour yogurt |
| Morsel | Delicacy given to favored guest |
| Rider | Upper Millstone used with a saddle quern; from O.T. times |
| Staphylococci | Bacteria that can cause food poisening |
| Triclinium | Three-sided table around which people reclined; introduced into the Middle East by the Romans; also the name of the dining room |
| Aggressive Marriage | Wife chosen/ taken from a foreign pool |
| Betrothal | First two steps in marriage; parents give a pledge that their children will marry |
| Conciliatory Marriage | Wife chosen/taken from a "family pool"; husband allows a superior to sleep with her for financial gain |
| Defensive Marriage | Wife chosen/taken from only a "believer pool" |
| Dowry | Gifts given to the bride by her family |
| Go'el | Near Kinsman whose responsibilities included having a child with his brother's widow who, to that point, had not born a child |
| Heder | Tent where the couple consummated their marriage |
| Huppah | Canopy under which the bride sat as her beauty was described |
| Levirate Marriage | Brother-in-law impregnates his brother's widow |
| Marriage supper | Feast that follows the marriage; often lasted a week or more |
| Mattan | Collection of gifts given by the groom's family to bride |
| Mohar | Money given by groom's family to bride's family as compensation for the loss of a worker |
| Myrtle | Branches from this tree were carried by the groom as he went to meet his bride |
| Fifty | Average bride price in the O.T |
| Twelve | Minimum age for a girl in the N.T. to be married |
| Thirteen | Minimum age for a boy to be married in the N.T |
| Aleph | Li. "Ox", first letter of the Hebrew alphabet |
| Beth | Lit. "house"; second letter of the Hebrew alphabet |
| Athenian Educational philosophy | The state works with the parents in the education of the children |
| Jewish Educational philosophy | Parents are responsible for the childrens education |
| Spartan Educational philosophy | The state is responsible for the children's education |
| Five years old | Age when Jewish boy begins education |
| Four | Number of passages that formed the curriculum in an ancient Jewish school |
| Hupogrammos | Lit. "underwriting"; a sketch outline of the letters of the alphabet that a student traces as he learns how to write them |
| Jodh | Lit. "hand"; smallest Hebrew consonant |
| Shema | Lit. "Hear"; the first biblical text studied by the student |
| Stylus | Pointed stick for writing words on a board covered with beeswax |
| Tittle | An insignificant mark or stroke on the letter of the alphabet |
| Twelve years old | Age when Jewish boy completed his education |
| Twenty-two | Number of consonants in the Hebrew alphabet |
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