| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Federalism | system of gvmt in which power is divided by a constitution between a central gvmt and regional gvmts |
| expressed powers | specific powers granted to Congress under Article I Section 8 of the Constitution |
| implied powers | powers derived from the necessary and proper clause of Article I Section 8 of the Constitution. Such powers are not specifically stated but at implied through the expansive interpretation of delegated powers |
| reserved powers | powers, derived from the 10th amendment to the Constitution that are not specifically delegated to the national gvmt or denied to the states |
| police power | power reserved to the state to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens |
| concurrent powers | authority possessed by both state and national gvmts, such as the power to levy taxes |
| full faith and credit clause | Article IV Section 1 of the Constitution proveds that each state must accord the same respect to the laws and judicial decisions of other states that it accores to its own |
| privileges and immunities clause | provision from Article IV Section 2, of the Constitution that a state cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give its own residents special privileges |
| home rule | power delegated by the state to a loval unit of gvmt to manage its own affairs |
| dual federalism | the system of gvmt that prevailed in the United States from 1789 to 1937 in which most fundamental gvmtal powers were shared between the federal and state gvmts |
| commerce clause | Article I Section 8 of the Constitution delegates to Congress the power "to regulate commerce with Foreign nations, and among the several States and with the Indian tribes..." The Supreme Court interpreted this clause in favor of national power over the economy |
| cooperative federalism | a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals. aka intergovernmental cooperation |
| grants-in-aid | a general term for funds given by Congress to state and local gvmts |
| categorical grants-in-aid | Grants by Congress to states and localities, given with the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by the national gvmt |
| project grants | grant programs in which state and local gvmts submit proposals to federal agencies and for which funding is procided on a competitive basis |
| formula grants | grants-in-aid in which a formula is used to determine the amount of federal funds a state or local gvmt will receive |
| regulated federalism | a form of federalism in which Congress imposes legislation on the states and localities requirig them to meet national standards |
| states' rights | the principle that states should oppose increasing authority of the national gvmt. This view was most popular before the Civil War |
| state soverign immunity | legal doctine that holds that states cannot be sued for violating an act of Congress |
| legislative supremacy | the preeminience of Congress among the three branches of gvmt, as established by the Constitution |
| divided government | the condition in American gvmt wherein one party controls the presidency while the opposing party controls one or both houses of Congress |
| executive privilege | the claim that confidential communications between a president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president. |
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