Lesson 4 Word List
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Created by:
lovkel on December 16, 2010
Subjects:
medical terminology, lesson 4, nervous system, mental health, cphs, crown point, mr loving
Description:
Chapters 8 & 23
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177 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 absence seizure | a small seizure in which there is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness, lasting only a few seconds |
| affect | observable evidence of a person's feelings or emotions |
| agnosia | loss of mental ability to understand sensory stimuli even though the sensory organs themselves are functioning properly |
| agraphia | the inability to convert one's thoughts into writing |
| alexia | the inability to understand written words |
| Alzheimer's Disease | a progressive and debilitating beginning with memory loss and progresses to complete loss of mental, emotional, an physical functioning |
| amnesia | loss of memory caused by severe emotional trauma, brain injury, substance abuse, or reaction to medications or toxins |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (a.k.a. Lou Gehrig Disease) | a severe weakening and wasting of the involved muscle groups caused by decreased nerve innervation to the muscle groups |
| aneurysm | a localized dilatation in the wall of an artery that expands with each pulsation of the artery |
| anxiety disorder | a disorder characterized by chronic worry |
| aphasia | the inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs because of an injury to or disease in certain areas of the brain |
| apraxia | the inability to perform coordinated movements or use objects properly |
| astrocytoma | a tumor of the b rain or spinal cord composed of astrocytes |
| ataxia | without muscular coordination |
| attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | a condition of persistent inattention and hyperactivity, impulsivity, or both |
| aura | the sensation an individual experiences prior to the onset of a migraine headache or an epileptic seizure |
| Babinski's reflex | is tested by stroking the sole of the foot beginning at midheel and moving upward an lateral to the toes |
| Bell's palsy | temporary or permanent unilateral weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face following trauma to the face, an unknown infection, or a tumor pressing on the facial nerve |
| bipolar disorder aka manic depressive | a psychological disorder characterized by episodes of mania, depression, alternating between the two, or a mixture of the two moods simultaneously |
| bradykinesia | abnormally slow movement |
| brain abscess | an accumulation of pus located anywhere in the brain tissue due to an infectious process |
| brain scan | a nuclear counter scanning of cranial contents two hours after an intravenous injection of radioisotopes |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | pinching or compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel due to inflammation or swelling of the tendons |
| causalgia | a sensation of an acute burning pain along the path of a peripheral nerve due to an injury to peripheral nerve fibers |
| cephalalgia | pain in the head; headache |
| cerebral angiography | visualization of the cerebral vascular system via x-ray after the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium into an arterial blood vessel |
| cerebral concussion | a brief interruption of brain function, usually with loss of consciousness lasting a few seconds |
| cerebral contusion | small scattered venous hemorrhages in the brain |
| cerebral palsy | a collective term used to describe congenital brain damage that is permanent but not progressive |
| cerebrospinal fluid analysis | cerebrospinal fluid that is obtained from a lumbar puncture is analyzed for the presence of bacteria, blood, or malignant cells as well as the amount of protein and glucose present |
| cerebrovascular accident (a.k.a. stroke) | death of a specific portion of brain tissue, resulting from a decrease in blood flow to that area of the brain |
| Cheyne-stokes respirations | an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by periods of apnea followed by deep, rapid breathing |
| chordotomy | a neurosurgical procedure for pain control accomplished through a laminectomy in which there is surgical interference of pathways within the spinal cord that control pain |
| cisternal puncture | the insertion of a short, beveled spinal needle into the cisterna magna to drain CSF or to obtain a CSF specimen |
| cluster headache | a headache occurring typically 2 or 3 hours after falling asleep |
| coma | a deep sleep in which the individual cannot be aroused and does not respond to external stimuli |
| comatose | pertains to being in a coma |
| contracture | an abnormal, usually permanent bending of a joint into a fixed position |
| craniotomy | a surgical incision into the cranium or skull |
| CT scan of the brain | the analysis of a three dimensional view of brain tissue obtained as x-ray beams pass through successive horizontal layers of the brain |
| degenerative disk | deterioration of the intervertebral disk, due to constant motion and wearing of the disk |
| delirium | a state of frenzied excitement |
| dementia | a progressive, organic mental disorder characterized by chronic personality disintegration, confusion, disorientation, stupor, deterioration of intellectual capacity and function, and impairment of control of memory, judgment, and impulses |
| depression | a mood disturbance characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, discouragement, and hopelessness that are inappropriate and out of proportion with reality |
| diplopia | double vision |
| dissociative identity disorder | a disorder in which there is apresence of two or more distinct personalities within one individual |
| dyslexia | a condition characterized by an impairment of the ability to read |
| dysphasia | difficult speech |
| echoencephalography | ultrasound used to analyze the intracranial structures of the brain |
| electroconvulsive therapy | the process of passing an electrical current through the brain to create a brief seizure in the brain |
| electroencephalography | measurement of electrical activity produced by brain and recorded through electrodes placed on the scalp |
| electromyography | the process of recording the strength of the contraction of a muscle when it is stimulat3ed by an electrical current |
| embolism | an abnormal condition in which a blood clot becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood within the vessel |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain or spinal cord tissue |
| epilepsy | a syndrome of recurring episodes of excessive irregular electrical activity of the central nervous sytem called seizures |
| generalized anxiety disorder | a disorder characterized by chronic, unrealistic, and excessive anxiety and worry |
| grand mal seizure | an epileptic seizure characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness, and generalized involuntary muscular contraction, vacillating between rigid body extension and an alternating contracting and relaxing of muscles |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | acute polyneuritis of the peripheral nervous system in which the myelin sheaths of the axons are destroyed, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness |
| headaches | a diffuse pain in different portions of the head and not confined to any nerve distribution area |
| hemiparesis | slight or partial paralysis of one half of the body |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one-half of the body |
| hemorrhage | a loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time |
| herniated disk | rupture of herniation of the disk center through the disk wall and into the spinal canal, causing pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots |
| herpes zoster (a.k.a. shingles) | an acute viral infection caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox characterized by painful, vesicular lesions or eruptions on the skin following along the nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves |
| Huntington's chorea | an inherited neurological disease characterized by rapid, jerky, involuntary movements and increasing dementia due to the effects of the basal ganglia on the neurons |
| hydrocephalus | an abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain that caused the ventricles of the brain to dilate, resulting in an increased head circumference in the infant with open fontanel(s) |
| hyperesthesia | excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli |
| hyperkinesis | excessive muscular movement and physical activity |
| hypnosis | a passive, trancelike state of existence that resembles normal sleep during which perception and memory are altered, resulting in increased responsiveness to suggestion |
| hypochondriasis | a chronic, abnormal concern about the health of the body, characterized by extreme anxiety, depression, and an unrealistic interpretation of real or imagined physical symptoms as indications of a serious illness or disease despite rational medical evidence that no disorder is present |
| intracranial tumors | occur in any structural region of the brain and may be malignant or benign classified as primary or secondary, and are named according to the tissue from which they originate |
| Kernig's sign | a diagnostic sign for meningitis marked by the person's inability to extend the leg completely when the thigh s flexed upon the abdomen and the person is sitting or lying down |
| kinesiology | the study of muscle movement |
| laminectomy | the surgical removal of the bony arches from one or more vertebrae in order to relieve pressure from the spinal cord |
| lethargy | a state of being sluggish, indifferent, apathetic |
| lumbar puncture | insertion of a hollow needle and stylet into the subarachnoid space |
| major depressive disorder | a disorder characterized by one or more episodes of depressed mood that lasts at least 2 weeks and is accompanied by at least four additional symptoms of at least four additional symptoms of depression |
| malingering | a willful and deliberate faking of symptoms of a disease or injury to gain some consciously desired end |
| meningitis | a serious bacterial infection of the meninges that can have residual debilitting effects or even a fatal outcome if not diagnosed and treated promptly with appropriate antibiotic therapy |
| meningocele | a cyst-like sac covered with skin or a thin membrane protruding through the bony defect in the vertebrae containing meninges |
| meningomyelocele | a cyst-like sac covered with skin or a thin membrane protruding through the bony defect in the vertebrae that contains meninges, CSF, and spinal cord segments |
| metastatic intracranial tumors | tumors occurring as a result of metastasis from a primary site |
| migraine | a recurring, pulsating, vascular headache usually developing on one side of the head |
| magnetic resonance imaging | a strong magnetic field and radio-frequency waves used to produce imaging that is valuable in providing images without the use of radiation |
| multiple sclerosis | a degenerative inflammatory disease of the central nervous system attacking the myelin sheath in the spinal cord and brain, leaving it hardened or scarred |
| Munchausen syndrome (by proxy) | a somewhat rare form of child abuse in which a parent of a child falsifies an illness in a child by fabricating or creating the symptoms, and then seeks medical care for the child |
| myasthenia gravis | a chronic progressive neuromuscular disorder and autoimmune disease in which antibodies block or destroy some acetylcholine receptor sites causing sever skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue |
| myelography | introduction of contrast medium into the lumbar subarachnoid space through a lumbar puncture in order to visualize the spinal cord and vertebral column through x-ray examination |
| narcolepsy | a sleep disorder that is characterized by a repeated, uncontrollable desire to sleep, often several times a day |
| nerve block | an injection of a local anesthetic along the course of a nerve or nerves to eliminate sensations to the area supplied by the nerve(s) |
| neuralgia | severe, sharp-like pain that extends along the course of one or more nerves |
| neurectomy | a neurosurgical procedure to relieve pain in a localized or small area by incision of cranial or peripheral nerves |
| neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| neuroblastoma | a highly malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system |
| nuchal rigidity | rigidity of the neck |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | a disorder characterized by recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are severe enough to be time consuming or to cause obvious distress or a notable handicap |
| occlusion | closure, or state of being closed |
| palliative | to soothe or relieve |
| panic disorder | a disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks that come on unexpectedly |
| paraparesis | a slight weakness or paralysis of both legs |
| paraplegia | paralysis of the lower extremities |
| paresthesia | a sensation of numbness or tingling |
| Parkinson's disease | a degenerative, slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem's motor system, characterized by a gradual onset of symptoms |
| peripheral neuritis | a general term indicating inflammation of one or more peripheral nerves, the effects being dependent upon the particular nerve involved |
| petit mal seizure | small seizures in which there is a sudden, temporary loss of consciousness, lasting only a few seconds |
| pneumoencephalography | a process used to radiographically visualize one to radiographically visualize one of the ventricles or fluid occupying spaces in the central nervous system |
| poliomyelitis | an infectious viral disease entering through the upper respiratory tract and affecting the ability of the spinal cord and brain motor neurons to receive stimulation |
| polysomnogram | a sleep study that evaluates physical factors affecting sleep |
| positron emission tomography | a computerized x-ray technique that uses radioactive substances to examine the blood flow and the metabolic activity of various body structures |
| posttraumatic stress disorder | a disorder in which the individual experiences characteristic symptoms following exposure to an extremely traumatic event |
| primary intracranial tumors | arise from the gliomas, malignant glial cells that are a support for nerve tissue, and tumors that are from the meninges |
| psychosis | any major mental disorder of organic or emotional characterized by a loss of contact with reality |
| quadriplegia | follows severe trauma to the spinal cord between the fifth and eighth cervical vertebra, generally resulting in loss of motor and sensory function below the level of the injury |
| radiculotomy (a.k.a. rhizotomy) | the surgical resection of a spinal nerve root |
| Reye's syndrome | acute brainencephalopathy along with fatty infiltration of the internal organs that may follow acute viral infections |
| Romberg test | used to evaluate cerebellar function and balance |
| schizophrenia | any of a large group of psychotic disorders characterized by gross distortion of reality, disturbances of language and communication, withdrawal from social interaction, and the disorganization and fragmentation of thought, perception, and emotional reaction |
| sciatica | inflammation of the sciatic nerve |
| shunt | a tube or passage that diverts or redirects body fluid from one cavity or vessel to another |
| skull fracture, depressed | a broken segment of the skull bone thrust into the brain as a result of a direct force |
| spina bifida cystica | a congenital defect of the central nervous system in which the back portion of one or more vertebrae is not closed normally and a cyst protrudes through the opening in the back |
| spina bifida occulta | a congenital defect of the central nervous system in which the back portion of one or more vertebrae is not closed normally and a cyst protrudes through the opening in the back |
| spinal cord injuries | severe injuries to the spinal cord |
| stereotaxic neurosurgery | on a precise location of an area within the brain that controls specific function(s) and may involve destruction of brain tissue with various agents such as heat, cold, and sclerosing or corrosive fluids |
| stupor | a state of lethargy |
| sympathectomy | a surgical procedure used to interrupt a portion of the sympathetic nerve pathway, for the purpose of relieving chronic pain |
| syncope | fainting |
| tension headache | a headache that occurs from long, endured contraction of the skeletal muscles around the face, scalp, upper back, and neck |
| thrombosis | an abnormal condition in which a clot develops in a blood vessel |
| tonic clonic seizure | a seizure characterized by the presence of muscle contraction or tension followed by relaxation, creating a "jerking" movement of the body |
| tractotomy | through a craniotomy the anterolateral pathway in the brain stem is surgically divided in an attempt to relieve pain |
| transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | a form of cutaneous stimulation for pain relief that supplies electrical impulses to the nerve endings of a nerve close to the pain site |
| transient ischemic attack | brief periods of ischemia in the brain lasting from minutes to hours |
| trigeminal neuralgia | short periods of severe unilateral pain, which radiates along the fifth cranial nerve |
| whiplash | an injury to the cervical vertebrae and their supporting structures due to a sudden back-and-forth, jerking movement to the head and neck |
| a- | without, not |
| an- | without, not |
| -algesia | sensitivity to pain |
| alges/o | sensitivity to pain |
| brady- | slow |
| -algia | pain |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum |
| crani/o | skull, cranium |
| encephal/o | brain |
| -esthesia | sensation or feeling |
| esthesi/o | feeling, sensation |
| gli/o | neuroglia or gluey substance |
| -kinesia | movement |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| -lepsy | seizure, attack |
| -lexia | reading |
| mening/o | meninges |
| myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| narc/o | sleep |
| neur/o | nerve |
| -paresis | partial paralysis |
| -phasia | speech |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -praxia | perform |
| -sthenia | strength |
| thec/o | sheath |
| ton/o | tension, tone |
| ventricul/o | ventricle of the heart or the brain |
| cata- | down, under, against, lower |
| hypn/o | sleep |
| -iatrist | one who treats; a physician |
| -mania | a mental disorder; a 'madness' |
| ment/o | mind |
| neur/o | nerves |
| phil/o | attraction to |
| -phobia | abnormal fear |
| psych/o | mind |
| -phoria | emotional state |
| schiz/o | split, divided |
| somat/o | body |
| -thymia | condition of the mind or will |
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