Lesson 5 Word List
About this set
Created by:
lovkel on December 16, 2010
Subjects:
medical terminology, cphs, med term, mr. loving, lesson 5, blood, lymph
Description:
Chapter 9
Classes:
RT Friends, CPHS Medical Terminology
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133 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 active acquired immunity | a form of long-term, acquired immunity that protects the body against a new infection as the result of antibodies that develop naturally after an initial infection or artificially after a vaccination |
| acute lymphocytic leukemia | predominated by immature lymphocytes and develops most frequently in children and adolescents |
| acute myelogenous leukemia | predominated by immature granulocytes |
| agglutination | the clumping together of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins |
| AIDS | a deadly virus; destroys the body's immune system by invading the helper T lymphocytes, which play an important part in the body's immune response |
| allergen | a substance that can produce a hyper sensitive reaction in the body |
| allergy | a hyper sensitive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of which are environmental |
| anaphylaxis | an exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen |
| anemia | a deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells because of a decrease in the quantity of hemoglobin or red blood cells |
| anisocytosis | an abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells of variable and abnormal size |
| aplastic anemia | anemia characterized by an inadequacy of all the formed blood elements |
| artificial acquired immunity | an individual receives a vaccine, antigen or toxoid to stimulate the formation of antibodies within his or her body. |
| ascites | an abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes |
| autologous blood transfusion | when a person receives blood or a blood component that has been previously collected from that person through reinfusion |
| bleeding time | measurement of the time required for bleeding to stop |
| blood transfusion | an administration of blood or a blood component to an individual to replace blood lost through surgery, trauma, or disease |
| bone marrow biopsy | the microscopic exam of bone marrow tissue, which fully evaluates hematopoiesis by revealing the number, shape, and size of the RBCs and WBCs and platelet precursors |
| bone marrow transplant | after receiving an intravenous infusion of aggressive chemotherapy or total body irradiation to destroy all malignant cells and to inactivate the immune system, a donor's bone marrow cells are infused intravenously into the recipient |
| chronic lymphocytic leukemia | predominated by exceptional amounts of lymphocytes found in the spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes that are abnormal, small, and mature |
| chronic myelogenous leukemia | has immature and mature granulocytes existing in the bloodstream and bone marrow |
| coagulation | the process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood |
| complete blood cell count | a series of tests performed on peripheral blood, which inexpensively screens for problems in the hematologic sys |
| Coomb's test | blood test used to discover the presence of antierythorcyte antibodies present in the blood of an Rh negative woman |
| CT scan | a collection of x-ray images taken from various angles following injection of a contrast medium |
| cytomegalovirus | a large species-specific, herpes-type virus with a wide variety of disease effects |
| dyscrasia | an abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility |
| edema | a local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount to tissue fluid; swelling; generalized it is sometimes called dropsy |
| ELISA | a blood test used for screening for an antibody to the AIDS virus |
| erythremia | an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells; polycythemia vera |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate | a test performed on the blood, which measures the rate at which red blood cells settle out of a tube of unclotted blood. It is determined by measuring the settling distance of RBCs in normal saline over 1 hour |
| erythropoiesis | the process of red blood cell production |
| granulocytosis | an abnormal elevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood as a reaction to any variety of inflammation or infection |
| hematocrit | an assessment of RBC percentage in the total blood volume |
| hematologist | a medical specialist in the field of hematology |
| hematology | the scientific study of blood and blood-forming tissues |
| hemochromatosis | a rare ion metabolism disease characterized by iron deposits throughout the body, usually as a complication of one of the hemolytic anemias |
| hemoglobin | a complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs |
| hemolysis | the breakdown of RBCs and the release of hemoglobin that occurs normally at the end of the life span of a red cell |
| hemophilia | a term used to define different hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding times |
| Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia) | most common type of hemophilia which is the result of a deficiency or absence of antihemophilic factor VIII |
| Hemophilia B (Christmas disease) | the deficiency of a coagulation factor called factor IX |
| hemorrhage | a loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time, either externally or internally; may be arterial, venous, or capillary |
| hemostasis | the termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the complex coagulation process of the body, consisting of vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and thrombin and fibrin synthesis |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| hyperalbuminemia | an increased level of albumin in the blood |
| hyperbilirubinemia | greater than normal amounts of the bile pigment bilirubin, in the blood |
| hyperlipidemia | an excessive level of fats in the blood |
| hypersensitivity | an abnormal condition characterized by an excessive reaction and resulting tissue damage to a particular stimulus |
| hypersplenism | a syndrome involving a deficiency of one or more types of blood cells and an enlarged spleen |
| immune reaction (response) | a defense function of the body that produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens and malignancies |
| immunity | the state of being resistant to or protected from a disease |
| immunization | the process of creating immunity to a specific disease |
| immunologist | the health specialist whose training and experience is concentrated in immunology |
| immunology | the study of the reaction of tissues of the immune system of the body to antigenic stimulation |
| immunotherapy | a special treatment of allergic responses that administers increasingly large doses of the offending allergens to gradually develop immunity agents that are capable of changing the relationship between a tumor and the host |
| iron deficiency anemia | characterized by deficient of hemoglobin level due to a lack of iron in the body. There is a greater demand on the stored iron than can be supplied by the body |
| Kaposi's Sarcoma | a malignant growth that begins as soft, brownish or purple raise areas on the feet and slowly spreads on the skin, spreading to the lymph nodes and internal organs |
| leukemia | excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBCs in the blood eventually leading to infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia (decreased number of platelets) |
| leukocytopenia | an abnormal decrease in number of white blood cells to fewer than ? Cells per cubic millimeter. |
| lipid profile | measurement of the lipids in the blood |
| local reaction | a reaction to treatment that occurs at the site where it was administered |
| lymphadenopathy | any disorder of the lymph nodes or vessels |
| lymphangiogram | an x-ray assessment of the lymphatic system following injection of a contrast medium into the lymph vessels in the hand or foot |
| lymphoma | a lymphoid tissue neoplasm that is typically malignant - beginning with a painless enlarged lymph node(s) and progressing to anemia, weakness, fever and weight loss |
| mononucleosis | usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); typically a benign, self-limiting acute infection of the B lymphocytes |
| multiple myeloma | a malignant plasma cell neoplasm causing an increase in the number of both mature and immature plasma cells, which often entirely replace the bone marrow and destroy the skeletal structure |
| myasthenia gravis | a chronic progressive neuromuscular disorder and autoimmune disease in which antibodies block or destroy some acetylcholine receptor sites causing severe skeletal muscle weakness (without atrophy) and fatigue, which occurs at different levels of severity |
| myeloid | of or pertaining to the marrow or spinal chord |
| natural acquired immunity | immunity to a disease agent gained by an individual after that individual has had the disease |
| pancytopenia | a marked reduction in the number of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
| partial thromboplastin test | a blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and system of clot formation within the body |
| passive acquired immunity | a form of acquired immunity resulting from antibodies that are transmitted naturally through the placenta to a fetus, through the colostrum to an infant, artificially by injection of antiserum or treatment or as a prophylaxis |
| pathogens | disease producing microorganisms |
| pernicious anemia | anemia resulting from a deficiency of mature RBCs and the formation and circulation of megaloblasts (large nucleated, immature, poorly functioning RBCs) with marked poikilocytosis and anisocytosis. |
| platelet count | the count of platelets per cubic millimeter of blood |
| Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia | pneumonia caused by a common worldwide parasite, Pneumocystis carinii, for which most people have immunity if they are not severely immunocompromised |
| poikilocytosis | RBC shape variation |
| polycythemia veran | an abnormal increase in the number of RBCs, granulocytes, and thrombocytes leading to an increase in blood volume and viscosity (thickness) |
| prothrombin time | a blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation |
| purpura | a group of bleeding disorders characterized by bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes; small, pinpoint hemorrhages are known as petechia and larger hemorrhagic areas are known as ecchymoses or bruises |
| red blood cell count | the measurement of the circulating number of RBCs in one cubic millimeter of peripheral blood |
| resistance | the body's ability to counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful agents |
| reticulocyte count | measurement of the number of circulating reticulocytes, immature erythrocytes, in a blood specimen |
| sarcoidosis | a systemic inflammatory disease resulting in the formation of multiple small, rounded lesions (granulomas) in the lungs (comprising %), lymph nodes, eyes, liver, and other organs |
| Schilling test | a diagnostic analysis for pernicious anemia |
| septicemia | systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread from an infection in any part of the body |
| serology | the branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antigen-antibody reactions |
| sickle cell anemia | a chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBCs become shaped like a crescent in the presence of low oxygen concentrations |
| SLE | Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| splenomegaly | an abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
| susceptible | a state of having a lack of resistance to pathogens and other harmful agents |
| systemic reaction | a reaction that is evidenced by generalized body symptoms such as runny nose, itchy eyes, hives, and rashes |
| thalassemia | a hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the alpha or beta hemoglobin chains are defective and the production of hemoglobin is deficient, creating hypochronic microcytic RBCs |
| thrombocytopenia | an abnormal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is reduced |
| thrombus | a clot |
| Western blot | detects the presence of the antibodies to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, used to confirm the validity of ELISA tests |
| white blood cell count | the measurement of the circulating number of WBCs in one cubic millimeter of peripheral blood |
| white blood cell differential | a measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBCs present in one cubic millimeter of peripheral blood drawn for the WBC count |
| agglutin/o | to clump |
| aniso- | unequal |
| bas/o | base |
| blast/o | embryonic stage of development |
| -blast | embryonic stage of development |
| chrom/o | color |
| coagul/o | clotting |
| cyt/o | cell |
| -emia | blood condition |
| eosin/o | red, rosy |
| erythr/o | red |
| -globin | containing protein |
| hem/o | blood |
| hemat/o | blood |
| is/o | equal |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| leuk/o | white |
| -lytic | destruction |
| mono- | one |
| morph/o | shape |
| myel/o | bone marrow or spinal cord |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| -oid | resembling |
| -osis | condition |
| -penia | decrease in; deficiency |
| -phage | to eat |
| phag/o | to eat |
| -philia | attraction to |
| -phoresis | transmission |
| -poiesis | formation |
| poikil/o | varied; irregular |
| sider/o | iron |
| spher/o | round; sphere |
| -stasis | stopping or controlling |
| thromb/o | clot |
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