History Exam Review - Book Vocab
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73 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mercantilism | an economic policy in which nations try to gain wealth by controlling trade govern themselves in the Americas |
| cash crops | a crop, such as tobacco or sugar, raised in large quantities and sold for profit |
| charter | a formal document issued by the king that outlined a colony's geographic boundaries and specified how it would be governed |
| democratic | ruled by the people; citizens elect representatives to carry out laws |
| Mayflower Compact | an agreement that Pilgrims wrote and signed describing how they would govern themselves in America |
| slave trade | the business of capturing, transporting, and selling people as slaves |
| isolated | separated or set apart from other people or things |
| authorized | to grant permission for something |
| proprietor | owner |
| prosperous | wealthy |
| rights | powers or privileges that belong to people as citizens and that cannot or should not be taken away by the government |
| Magna Carta | an agreement made in 1215 listing the rights granted by King John to all free men of the kingdom |
| Parliament | the lawmaking body of England, consisting of representatives from throughout the kingdom |
| English Bill of Rights | an act passed by Parliament in1689 that limited the monarch's power by giving certain powers to Parliament and listing specific rights of the citizens |
| restored | to make something as it was before |
| rebelled | to fight against a government or another authority |
| Great Awakening | a revival of religious feeling and belief in the American colonies around the 1730's |
| leisure | time spent not working |
| militia | a small army made up of ordinary citizens who are trained to fight in an emergency |
| tyranny | the unjust use of government power |
| violation | breaking an established rule or law |
| repealed | to take back or cancel a law |
| retain | to continue to keep |
| boycott | to refuse to buy one or more goods from a certain source; an organized refusal by many people is also called this |
| restricted | to place limits or controls on something |
| authority | the government or controlling power |
| impose | to put in place by authority |
| independence | freedom from control of another country or government |
| policies | a course of action taken by a government |
| petition | a written, formal request made to an official person or organization |
| Common Sense | a pamphlet published in 1776 by Thomas Paine to persuade many American colonists to support independence |
| Declaration of Independence | the document written to declare the American colonies as an independent country, free from British rule |
| natural rights | rights common to everyone, as opposed to those given by law |
| fundamental | basic |
| American Revolution | the struggle of the colonies in North America to gain their independence from Britain |
| Continental army | the American army during the American Revolution |
| democracy | a system of government in which the power to govern belongs to the people |
| rebellion | a violent attempt to resist or overthrow the government or another authority |
| issuing | to supply or make available |
| strategy | an overall plan |
| ally | a nation that joins another nation in some common effort, such as fighting a war |
| crucial | very important or necessary |
| Articles of Confederation | the first written plan of government for the United States |
| confederation | an association of states that unite for a common purpose |
| Northwest Territory | a region of the United States bound by the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and the Great Lakes; the region was given to the United States in the Treaty of Paris in1783 |
| Northwest Ordinance | a law passed by Congress in 1787 that specified how western lands would be governed |
| Constitutional Convention | a meeting held in Philadelphia in 1787 at which delegates from states wrote the Constitution |
| committed | to agree to support someone in something |
| Enlightenment | the "age of reason" in 17th- and 18th-century Europe; thinkers from this time emphasized using rational thought to discover truths about nature and society |
| liberal | supporting the ideas of freedom, change, and progress |
| republic | a country governed by elected representatives |
| constitutions | a written plan that describes the basic framework of the government |
| framework | a basic set of ideas used to develop a larger plan |
| Great Compromise | a plan of government adopted at the Constitutional Convention that established a two-house Congress; House of Representatives: representation based on population Senate: two senators from each state |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | an agreement made at the Constitutional Convention stating that enslaved persons would be counted as three-fifths of a person when determining a state's population to decide representation in the House of Representatives |
| contradiction | a difference between two statements or situations that they cannot both be true |
| Electoral College | the group established by the Constitution to elect the president and vice-president; voters in each state choose their electors |
| ratify | to formally approve or an agreement |
| The Federalist Papers | a series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in support of ratification of the Constitution in each state |
| popular sovereignty | the idea that the government's authority comes from the people |
| domestic | relating to issues within a country |
| legislative branch | the lawmaking part of government, called the legislature |
| executive branch | the part of government that carries out, or executes, the law |
| judicial branch | the part of government, consisting of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, that interprets the law |
| judicial review | the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether laws and acts made by the legislative and executive branches are unconstitutional |
| checks and balances | the system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the two other branches |
| interstate commerce | trade and other business dealings between two or more states |
| diverse | a group of people or things with obvious differences among them |
| discriminate | to treat a person or group unfairly |
| federalism | the constitutional system that shares power between the national and state governments |
| majority rule | a basic principle of democracy that says that laws are passed by majority vote and elections are decided by a majority of voters |
| function | the use or purpose of something |
| interest groups | an organization that actively promotes the view of some part of the public on specific issues in order to influence government policy |
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