History Exam Review
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Created by:
12pachaney on December 16, 2010
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Three types of colonies established by England in N. America and specific example of each. | Puritans- religion in Massachusetts Piligrims Quakers- Pennsylvania Georgia-debtors that England wanted to get rid of Jamestown-money |
| Purpose of Olive Branch Petition in Revolution | Urge the return of "former harmony" with Great Britain and avoid a full-blown war. Congress sent to King George III asking to restore peace between colonies and Britain but King George said no. |
| Author and purpose of Common Sense, When written. after what event. | Thomas Paine, Paine believed that the time had come for the colonists to declare independence from the British. Written after Battles of Lexington and Concord. |
| Three specific weaknesses of Articles of Confederation | No chief executive or boss No power to tax (didn't have a way to get money) No real court system |
| How is power shared under a federal government | Both the federal government and state have shared power with public education, taxes from jobs, etc. |
| Why French Secretly aided colonists in Revolution | The French were bitter after the French and Indian war therefore the French had secretly been aiding the colonists with weapons since 1776. The French openly aided the colonists after the battle of Saratoga, because the Americans now had a chance to win the war. |
| Two reasons why Arnold became a traitor. Why West Point was a key appointment for him | He was upset about not getting a promotion in the military and he gets caught of miss using colonial money to satisfy his second wife's needs like jewels. A letter of repremand goes in Arnold's files. He tried to sell West Point (then a fort) to the British but the colonies found out and held on to it. |
| Reason for establishing the bi-cameral legislature | Big states wanted legislators based on size while little states wanted everything to be equal. Two house legislature, Senate is equal (Each senate has two senators) but the HOuse is based on population (Missouri has like 9 while Florida has 27) |
| Reason for 12th amendment. How it changed electoral process for presidency | Election of 1800, Jefferson and Aaron Burr were on the ticket together, they won simple majority of electoral votes (Jeff as president, Burr as VP). When it went to electoral college, there was NO distinction between President and Vice president. Burr took that opportunity to see if he could be come president. The 12th Amendment states that there has to be separate ballots for president and VP. |
| Three branches of government/purpose for each | Legislative branch-makes the laws Executive Branch- enforce and approve bills and policies Judicial branch- interpret the law |
| Issue that caused the Whiskey Rebellion. How Washington solved the problem. What precedent did he establish | ... |
| Why Jefferson wanted embargo. Meaning of embargo. Why embargo hurt U.S. | Embargo means an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country. The embargo of 1807 |
| Spoils system/associated with what Pres. Its meaning . Good/bad practice | Jackson's reason for firing 10% of federal employees was because he believed in "to the victor belonged the spoils of the enemy," this practice meant that Jackson fired former opponents and replaced them with friends or Jacksonian. Jackson rewarded political people who supported him by giving them benefits and jobs. |
| How policy of manifest destiny helped cause the war with Mexico. | Manifest destiny was that it was the US destiny to control all of the land from Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. By trying to claim the land that was owned by Mexico, it started a war with Mexico that the US ended up winning. |
| What part of Missouri Compromise was declared unconstitutional? Why? | The part denying owning slaves above or below the 36'30 line. |
| Constitutional issue facing Jefferson concerning Louisiana Purchase. | Jefferson doubted whether the Constitution gave the government the power to acquire new territory, However, he didn't want to pass up the opportunity to gain the new land so he submitted the treaty to finalize the purchase. The Senate voted and agreed to purchase it. |
| Goals of Lewis and Clark | Flora et Fauna: plants & animals, what kind of plants and animals were there Did the Missouri River reach the Paicifc: no |
| Purpose of a tariff. How can a tariff help one section and be harmful of a different section of the country. | The tariff put a tax on imported goods which made the goods from the North less expensive than the imported goods. On section of the country could have more industries and wouldn't need to depend on other countries for goods (North) while the other section (South) opposed the tariff because they had farms and plantations had needed imported goods or they had to buy the North's expensive goods. |
| Three Reasons for Indian Removal Act. Cherokees--from where to where. | On the Indian land, they discovered gold in Georgina (Cherokees), land was also good for growing cotton. The Native Americans were different and Jackson didn't want people that didn't look like the whites to be with them |
| How Uncle Tom's Cabin "personalized" slavery and slave trade. | It was a white woman describing what she saw at the slave markets living on the Ohio River. |
| Cause of war between Mexico/Texas Americans. Meaning of Lone Star Republic | The Texan Americans weren't following Mexican laws. Lone Star republic stands for Texas being its own republic for 10 years. |
| Reason for first and second secession of states. | Lincoln becoming the president of the United States. |
| Reason Dred Scott believed he was entitled to be a free man. Reasons he was denied freedom. What branch of government made this decision. | Dred Scott believed he was entitled to be a free man because he lived in free territory (now Wisconsin). He was denied freedom because he wasn't considered a citizen, the supreme court implied he was property. Supreme Court is head of the Judicial Branch. |
| Reason John Brown fled Kansas. Reason for raid at Harper's Ferry. | John Brown was a wanted man in Kansas because was under the misconception that a proslavery posse killed five men in Lawrence, Kansas. To get revenge, Brown and his followers grabbed five men in the proslavery settlement of Pottawatomie Creek, hacked off their hands and stabbed them with broadswords. Became known as the Pottawatomie Massacre. Triggered dozens of killings in KS, John Brown fled KS. Went to raid Harper's Ferry because of the arsenal being held there. Led a group to Ferry to steal the weapons. Brown was captured; convicted of treason. |
| Cause of hostilities at Fort Sumter. Role of Buchanan & Lincoln concerning Sumter. | Troops at Fort Sumter were in need of supplies. President Buchanan chose not to send supplies however because South Carolina wouldn't let him and Buchanan stopped trying and left the it to newly elected Lincoln. Lincoln didn't want to upset SC so he sent supplies saying he had to feed the hungry troops stranded at Fort Sumter |
| Importance of Maryland in Civil to both North and South | The South wanted to gain supplies and recruit Confederate sympathizers who lived in Maryland. Also a win on northern soil could bring Frances aid to south. The North valued Maryland because since it was a border state during the Civil wAr, they were allowed easy access to southern troops. |
| Lee's reason for fighting for south despite being opposed to secession and slavery. Result of his decision to fight for south concerning his property in Arlington | Lee fought for the South because he was very loyal to his home state of Virginia (seceded) and could not fight against it. The Union seized Lee's home in Arlington, later to become Arlington Cemetery, and used it as headquarters |
| Why Vicksburg important to capture. Its location. How Grant and his troops were able to pass Vicksburg. Goal of north in capturing Vicksburg. | Lincoln believed the capture of Vicksburg was the key to end the Civil WAr. The side would control the Mississippi River. Vicksburg was located approximately 250 feet "above" the Mississippi River. Grant set up a diversion of a Calvary brigade to destroy all rail lines in central Mississippi. |
| Why/How Confederacy changed military goals after January 1, 1863. | Lincoln delivered the Emancipation Proclamation that ended slavery and the South knew that they HAD to win the war now if they wanted to keep their slave-holding society. The Confederates were willing to fight to the death. |
| Three reasons why France & England would not aid south after January 1, 1863. | There was a promise the slaves were going to be free. South had to stay even in order to protect their way of life. Not going to join a losing proposition. |
| Four Examples demonstrating Sherman's belief in total war. | Destroyed all: FIM food (taking from local civilians & burning it) industries manufacturing everything in his path including civlians taking enemy weapons |
| Issue/event that caused Booth to decided to kill Lincoln. | On April 11, 1865, Lincoln gave a speech urging suffrage for the intelligent colored and for the colored soldiers who fought for the Union. Booth thought Lincoln would next grant coloreds citizenship. |
| Why Seward and A. Johnson were targets in assassination plot. | Seward was a target because he was an abolitionist who agreed with Lincoln to suspend habeas corpus and to imprison those disloyal to the Union or thought to be disloyal. VP was a target because he was from Tennessee, a slave state, but he supported Lincoln. Also, if they succeeded in killing those two men, the Union would be chaotic without a leader. |
| Two examples of how Lincoln violated Constitution during Civil War. | Arresting Confederate supporters that were in the Union and holding them without trial. Lincoln took over telegraph offices to make sure they were being used properly. |
| Why Booth chose Ford's Theatre for assassination attempt | Booth could walk around freely and not be suspected, & he was actor and famous & knew Lincoln was going to be there one night. |
| Why Mary Surratt was considered a co-conspirator. Why Andrew Johnson's life was "spared" | She let the men discuss in her house. Johnson was spared because Atzerodt who was supposed ti kill him got drunk and lost his courage. |
| Three Causes of infections during Civil War. REason for "dog tags" | Lack of Clean water, Lack of knowledge in sanitation and surgery, knives/bullets had dirt and once stabbed or shot, the soldiers were infected from the wound. Dog tags were need so that dead bodies could be recognized because they didn't have the technology to find DNA yet. |
| Why 54th Massachusetts regiment had to "prove" themselves | They had to prove that blacks were equal to the white men and could be just a good of a soldier. |
| Why Lincoln called for additional one million men. After what battle? | He realized the Civil WAr would take longer than three months and he needed more troops. After the Battle of Bull Run. |
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