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noun person, place, thing, or idea concrete noun can be touched abstract noun cannot be touched collective noun refers to a group but is treated as a singular noun common noun a non-specific noun proper noun a specific noun verb shows action, being or a state of being action verbs classified by whether or not they must be followed by an object, that is, a noun or pronoun that names what is acted upon transitive verb takes an object, followed by a word that answers the question what? or whom? intransitive verb does NOT take an object, does NOT answer the question what? or whom? examples of transitive verbs destroy, send, forbid examples of intransitive verbs tremble, chuckle, happen linking verb express a state of being or a condition rather than an action helping verbs am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, do, does, did, can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, have, has, had pronoun a word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase nominative case pronouns(8) i, you, he, she, it, we, you, they objective case pronouns(8) me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them possessive case pronouns(10) my, mine, yours, his, hers, its, our, ours, yours, theirs reflexive pronouns refers to the subject of the sentence and functions as a complement or as an object of the preposition intensive pronoun emphasizes its antecedent and has no grammatical function (myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves) indefinite pronouns refer to people, places, or things, often without specifying which ones(all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anthything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, more, most, much, neither, no one, nobody, none, one, other, several, some, somebody, someone, such) interrogative pronouns used in questions (who, whose, whom, which, what) demonstrative pronouns point to or identify a noun (this, that, these, those) adjective a word that modifies a noun or pronoun adjectives answer what questions? what kind which one how much how many 3 articles a, an, the adverb answers how when where why to what extent prepostition a word that show relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentance conjunction A word used to join words or groups of words correlative conjunctions both, and not only, but also either, or neither, nor whether, or coordinating conjunctions and, but, for, nor, so, yet plot a series of related events that make up a short story or drama rising action consists of a chain of events, takes place as main character struggles to achieve a goal or solve a problem climax point of highest emotional intensity resolution events following the climax, any remaining issues are resolved convey suggest; communicate effect result excerpt passage or part of a longer work support back up, strengthen by giving advice outcome result, ending conflict the struggle or clash between opposing characters, forces, or emotions internal conflict an emotional struggle that takes place within a character's heart or mind external conflict created when a person or outside force prevents the main character from reaching his or her goal flashback scene that interrupts the action of the plot to move backward and tell what happened at an earlier time receding moving into the distance disarming removing suspicion or fear imprudent unwise; foolish surmounted overcame invariably without exception suspense feeling of uncertainty or anxiety we feel about what is going to happen next in the plot setting provides a background- a time and place in which the action occurs foreshadowing the use of clues to hint at what is going to happen next in the story mood the overall feeling you get when reading a story rancid having a disgusting taste or smell compassion sympathy, pity desolate deserted; lonely insistently in a demanding manner lurched swayed suddenly delirium extreme mental disturbance; often accompanied by hallucinations revoke cancel, withdraw menancing threatening incredulous doubting, prompting disbelief protagaonist main character character people you meet in a story, play, or poem motivation the reason a character behaves in a certain way round character has many character traits, some admirable, some not direct characterization writer plainly tells us about the people who inhabit their fictional worlds symbol object, event, person, or animal that stands for itself and something else flat character has one or two traits static character doesn't change over the course of the story inference logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience theme a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work epics long, narrative poems that tell of the adventures of heroes whom in some way embody the values of their civilizations epic characteristics physically impressive hero of national/historic importance .vast setting.quest/journey in search of something of value. involvement of supernatural forces. basis in a specific culture/ society.character stuggling against fate foil character that stands in contrast to another character myth stories that are nearly always religious myth characteristics religious.explain natural phenomenon.teach moral lessons.explain history.express deep fears and hopes. describe rivalries among gods. describe consequences of disobedience mythic characters notable.tell about gods and godesses. some horrible animals and monsters epithet nickname homeric simile comparison in an epic portray show dramatic irony you know what will happen to the character but he/ she doesnt oral tradition epics spoken or sung that have poetic elements destiny fate hermes the wayfinder calypso sea nymph who keeps Odysseus "captive" for 7 years alcinous king of phaecians polyphemus cyclops telemus wizard Aeolus wind king circe goddess and enchantess who turns the men into pigs Eurylochus Odysseus' second hand man sirens sing, lure men to their deaths scylla huge monster with 12 legs and 6 heads charybdis whirlpool lampetia daugter of helios eumaeus Odyseuss' old and trusty swineherd eurycleia old nurse argos the dog antinous ringleader of the suitors