Primary Skin Lesions
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Macule | Flat, non-palpable skin color change, < 1cm, circumscribed border |
| Patch | Flat, non-palpable skin color change, > 1cm, irregular border |
| Papule | Elevate, palpable, solid mass, circumscribed border, < 0.5 cm |
| Plaque | Elevate, palpable, solid mass, circumscribed border, > 0.5 cm |
| Nodule | Elevated, solid, palpable mass, extends deeper into dermis than a papule, 0.5 - 2 cm, circumscribed |
| Tumor | Elevated, solid, palpable mass, extends deeper into dermis than a papule, > 1 - 2 cm, does not always have sharp border |
| Vesicle | Circumscribed elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid, < 0.5 cm |
| Bulla | Circumscribed elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid, > 0.5 cm |
| Wheal | Elevated mass with transient borders, often irregular, size and color vary, caused by movement of fluid into dermis, does not contain free fluid in a cavity |
| Pustule | Pus-filled vesicle or bulla |
| Cyst | Encapsulated fluid-filled or semisolid mass, located in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis |
| Erosion | Loss of superficial epidermis, does not extend into the dermis, depressed, moist area |
| Ulcer | Skin loss extending past epidermis, necrotic tissue loss, bleeding and scarring possible |
| Scar (ciatrix) | Skin mark left after healing of wound or lesion, represents replacement by connective tissue of the injured tissue, young = red or purple, old = white or glistening |
| Fissure | Linear crack in the skin, may extend to the dermis |
| Scales | Flakes secondary to desquamated, dead epithelium, flakes may adhere to skin surface, color varies (silvery/white) , texture varies (thick, fine) |
| Crust | Dried residue of serum, blood, or pus on skin surface, large adherent crust is a scab |
| Keloid | Hypertrophied scar tissue, secondary to excessive collagen formation during healing, elevate, irregular, red, greater incident in African Americans |
| Atrophy | Thin, dry, transparent appearance of epidermis, loss of surface markings, secondary to loss of collagen and elastin, underlying vessels may be visible |
| Lichenification | Thickening and roughening of the skin, accentuated skin markings, may be secondary to repeated rubbing, irritation, scratching |
| Petechia | Round red or purple macule, small, 1-2 mm, secondary to blood extravasation, associated with bleeding tendencies or emboli to skin |
| Ecchymosis | Round or irregular macular lesion, larger then petechia, color varies and changes: black, yellow, and gree hues, secondary to blood extravasation, associated with traumam bleeding tendencies |
| Hematoma | A localized collection of blood creating an elevated ecchymosis, associated with trauma |
| Cherry angioma | Papular and round, red or purple, noted on trunk, extremities, may blanch with pressure, normal age-related skin alteration, usually not clinically significant |
| Spider angioma | Red, arterole lesion, central body with radiating branches, noted on face, neck, arms, trunk, rare below waist, may blanch with pressure, associated with liver disease, pregnancy, and vitamin B deficiency |
| Telangiectasis | Shape varies: spiderlike or linea, bluish or red, does not blanch when pressure is applied, noted on legs, anterior chest, secondary to superficial dilation of venous vessels and capillaries, associated with increased venous pressure states (varicosities) |
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