Science chapters 1-5 Vocabulary
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Science | The knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested |
| Technology | The application of science for practical purposes |
| Scientific Law | A summary of many experimental results and observations |
| Scientific theory | An explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning |
| Critical thinking | The ability and willingness to assess claims critically and to make judgements on the basis of objective and supported reasons |
| Scientific method | A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, forulating a hypothesis, and stating conclusions |
| Variable | A factory that changes in an experiment in order to test a hypothesis |
| Length | A measure of the straight-line distance between two points |
| Mass | A measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| Volume | A measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space |
| Weight | A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object |
| Scientific notation | A method of expressing a quantity as a number multiplied by 10 to the appropriete power |
| Precision | The exactness of a measurement |
| Significant figure | A prescribed decimal place that determines the amount of rounding off to be done based on the precision of the measurement |
| Chemistry | The scientific study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Element | A substance that cannot be seperated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| Atom | The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element |
| Compound | A substance made of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
| Molecule | The smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance |
| Chemical formula | A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance |
| Pure substance | A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties |
| Mixture | A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| Melting point | The temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid |
| Boiling point | The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas |
| Density | The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance |
| Reactivity | The ability of a substance to combine chemically with another substance |
| Flammability | The ability of a substance to react in the presence of oxygen and burn when exposed to a flame |
| Physical change | A change fo matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties |
| Chemical change | A change that occurs when a substance changes composition by forming one or more new substances |
| Plasma | A state of matter that starts as a gas and then become ionized |
| Energy | The capacity to do work |
| Thermal energy | The kinetic energy of a substance's atoms |
| Evaporation | The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas |
| Sublimation | The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas |
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