Absolutism & the Scientific Revolution flashcards

Terms	Definitions
Absolutism	The idea that a monarch with complete power is necessary to protect the people.
Louis XIV	The most powerful Absolute monarch. The Sun King - every other European monarch wanted to be like him.
Versailles	The palace Louis XIV built to control the nobles.
tsar	The Russian monarch. Short for Caesar.
Peter the Great	Russian absolutism tsar. Known for Westernizing and expanding Russia.
English Civil War	Battle between Parliament and Charles I over power.
Oliver Cromwell	Led Parliament during the English Civil War. Later became the "Lord Protector" of England.
Glorious Revolution	Parliament replaced James II with William and Mary, who wrote the English Bill of Rights.
Copernicus	The first scientist to suggest the heliocentric theory (helio = sun; centric = at the center).
Galileo	Proved the heliocentric theory using a telescope.
Descartes	Believed that everything had to be proven - even his own existence. Suggested "I think, therefore I am."
Isaac Newton	Came up with laws that govern a mechanical universe.
John Locke	Believed people were born as blank slates and learned bad behaviors later. Also suggested that it's OK to rebel against an oppressive government.
Blaise Pascal	Tried to reconcile Christianity and science. His famous "wager" suggests it's best to believe in God.
Francis Bacon	Inventor of the scientific method, which uses inductive reasoning.
Baroque	Musical/architectural/artistic period marked by confidence and movement (often shown by filling every blank space).

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