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Columbus Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) Balboa Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean (1475-1519) Magellan Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain, attempted to circumnavigate the world. His crew encountered problems near the Phillipines and only 18 survived. The remaining crew suceeded in finishing the circumnavigation. Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca (c. 1495-1557) Wandered on foot for 8 years from present-day Galveston, TX across the entire American Southwest before ending up in Mexico City. He discovered Mexico City and wrote a book that inspired other explorers. He also called for better treatment of Native Americans. Juan Ponce de Leon (1460-1521) founded the first settlement on Puerto Rico; became the first settlement on Puerto Rico; became the first settlement on Puerto Rico; became the first European to visit Florida while allegedly searching for the legendary "Fountain of Youth" Hernando de Soto (1496-1542) Helped Pizarro conquer the Incas, then explored Florida and what is now the Southeastern United States; first European to see the Mississippi River Francisco Vazquez de Coronado (1510-1554) Explored what is now the southwestern United States, including New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas; explored the Colorado River and made it all the way to Kansas Francisco de Orellana (1511-1546) The first European to traverse the entire Amazon River.