Igneous Rocks-Chapter 5
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Created by:
mshsglobalscience on January 1, 2011
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 igneous rock | type of rock that forms when molten rock cools and minerals crystallize |
| lava | molten rock flowing onto Earth's surface |
| partial melting | process whereby some minerals melt at relatively low temperatures while other minerals remain solid |
| fractional crystallization | Process in which different minerals crystalized from magma at different temperatures, removing elements from magma. |
| intrusive rocks | rocks formed from the cooling a magma beneath the earth's surface |
| extrusive rocks | Rock that is formed from the magma cooling and crystallizing on Earth's surface |
| basaltic rock | made from magma rich in iron and magnesium with little silica, creates a darker colored denser rock |
| granitic rock | light colored, made from magma with high silica content, containing mostly quartz and feldspars |
| texture | size, shape, and distribution of crystals or grains that make up a rock |
| porphyritic texture | large, well-formed crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals of the same mineral or different minerals; formed by slowly cooling magma that suddenly began cooling rapidly |
| vesicular texture | igneous rock that has holes in it like swiss cheese, made when gases become trapped in magma (as bubbles) |
| pegmatite | igneous rock composed of extremely large-grained minerals, often containing rare elements |
| kimberlite | rare, ultramafic rock that can contain diamonds and other minerals formed only under very high pressures |
| mafic | describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generall dark in color |
| felsic | describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspar and silica and that is generally light in color |
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