Health and Disease; 9/12-9/17
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Created by:
beckylou89 on September 18, 2008
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Adjuvant | A chemical that increases immunogenicity of a killed virus |
| Acellular Vaccines | Pieces of the pathogenic cell, that have receptor sites still on them, that will stimulate antibody production |
| Sub-unit Vaccines | Composed of just the receptor sites of the pathogen |
| Strong, lasting immunity; Few innoculations needed, adjuvant not necessary | What are the 3 advantages of Live Vaccines? |
| May be virulent; Shorter storage period; need to be reconstituted | What are 3 disadvantages of Live Vaccines? |
| Unlikely to cause disease; Stable; Easy to use | What are 3 advantages of Killed Vaccines? |
| Adjuvant often necessary; Not as great an immune response; Short immunity produced | What are the three disadvantages of Killed Viruses? |
| Monovalent | Vaccine that only contains one "pathogen" |
| Multivalent | Vaccine that contains multiple "pathogens" |
| False | True or False; You can safely mix your own vaccines in the same syringe to create multivalent vaccines without deactivating one or the other |
| Bacterin | Vaccine against a bacteria |
| Autogenous Bacterin | Vaccine against certain strains of a bactereia |
| Antitoxins & Antiserum | Vaccines made against certain toxins in the face of the disease for immediate protection |
| SQ, IM, Intra-nasal, Oral, Aerosol, Feed/Water | What are the 7 ways of administering vaccines? |
| Immature immune system, maternal antibodies interfere | Why can't a newborn effectively be vaccinated? |
| Healthy animals | What are the only "type" of animals that we vaccinate? |
| True | True or False; Vaccination is not a form of treatment |
| They stress the animal | Why is it necessary to eliminate any adverse effects before vaccinating an animal? |
| Apparent Failure | What type of vaccine failure has, underlying reasons why it didn't work, Animal is already incubating disease, Animal is immunocomprimised |
| Real Failure | What type of vaccine failure can be due to; improper failure, poor storage, or improper administration? |
| Allergens | What are allergic reactions caused by? |
| Histamine | What do allergens trigger to be released from the basophils? |
| Attracts phagocytes to area, Increases secretions, Causes smooth muscle contraction | What 3 things does histamine cause to happen? |
| They have to be taken before allergic reaction takes place | What is the key to anti-histamines actually preventing allergic reactions? |
| Anyphlactic Reactions | What are severe allergic reactions entitled? |
| Epinephrine | What drug, if used immediately upon anyphlactic reaction, will most likely save the animal? |
| w/in 20mins of the exposure | When do severe allergic (anyphlactic) reactions usually occur? |
| Sanitation | One of the cheapest and most effective ways of preventing disease |
| Removal of gross contamination | What is the first step to sanitation? |
| Disinfection | What is the second step to sanitation? |
| moving air & sunshine | What are two ways of naturally disinfecting? |
| Sterilization | Destroy all pathogenic living organisms, usually requires very high heat under a certain amount of pressure. A good example of this is the autoclave |
| Disinfection | Use a chemical agent to kill pathogenic organisms on inanimate objects |
| Disinfectants | Chemicals that disinfect |
| Antiseptic | Use to kill pathogenic organisms on living tissue |
| sepsis | Disease causing organisms present in a body |
| Asepsis | Without disease causing organisms |
| Cidal | Kills- bacteriacidal/fungicidal |
| Static | Weakens/ prevents- bacteriostatic/ fungostatic |
| Sanitation/Sanitizer | Technique that removes organisms (2 terms) |
| Time | How long a chemical disinfectant has to remain in effect before killing occurs |
| Temperature | The higher this is, generally the better the killing effect will be |
| pH | Acidic and alkaline, some work better in one or the other |
| Chlorine Compounds | Very effective- ruptures cell walls; not effective against bacterial spores; deactivated by organic matter; needs at least 10mins of contact time before it is effective. Looses strength over time. Can be irritating to skin. |
| Iodine Compounds | Used more as an antiseptic; Effective against everything except bacterial spores. Topical antiseptic, betadine, Inactivated by organic matte, has some residual killing effect. |
| Iodophors | Combinations of iodine and other comounds, tend to last a little longer. |
| Alcohol | Used more as an antiseptic. Effective against everything except bacterial spores. Damages cell walls. Not effective on organic matter. Needs to sit on skin for 5-10 mins before it becomes effective. Very irritating to wouns (cytotoxic) |
| Tincture | Substances that have alcohol added to them, usually stronger than either component alone. |
| Phenols | Often only used as disinfectants. Active against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, not spores. Active with organic matter. |
| Chlorhexidine | Very good killing effect, including spores. We use Nolvasan. Not inactivated by organic matter. Long residual effect. |
| Quaternary Ammonium Compound | Used as disinfectants. Do not kill bacterial spores. We use Roccal |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | Used as an antiseptic because of its bubbling nature, when it comes into contact with organic matter, a reaction will take place that causes bubbling which helps clean out wound, when the bubbling stops, the effectiveness is done. |
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