| Term | Definition |
| adjudicate | (verb) to hear and decide judicially; to judge |
| centennial | (noun) a one-hundredth anniversary or its celebration |
| countenance | 1-(noun) a person's face; the expression on a person's face; 2-(verb) to support or approve; to tolerate |
| disgruntle | (verb) to make dissatisfied; to put in a bad mood |
| equilibrium | (noun) a state of balance |
| expedite | (verb) to speed up a process; to facilitate |
| gird | (verb) 1-to encircle, bind, or surround; 2-to get ready for action; to brace |
| gratuitous | (adj.) 1-not called for; unnecessary; 2-without charge; free |
| illusory | (adj.) unreal or imagined; deceiving |
| implacable | (adj.) incapable of being appeased, soothed, or significantly changed |
| luminary | (noun) 1-a source of light, especially from the sky, such as the sun or moon; 2-a person who is well know for her or his achievements; a celebrity |
| manifesto | (noun) a public statement explaining the intentions, motive, or view of an individual or group |
| mesmerize | (verb) to fascinate or hypnotize |
| precedent | (noun) an act or statement that may serve as an example or justification for a later one |
| spurious | (adj.) not genuine; false |