Chapter 4 Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
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Created by:
BrettDaHippie on January 3, 2011
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Psychology
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Behavior Genetics | the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior |
| Environment | the area in which something exists or lives |
| Chromosomes | threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
| Genes | the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein |
| Genome | the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism |
| Identical Twins | twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms |
| Fraternal Twins | twins who develop from separate eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment |
| Temperament | a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity |
| Heritability | the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes |
| Interaction | the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity) |
| Molecular Genetics | the branch of genetics concerned with the structure and activity of genetic material at the molecular level |
| Evolutionary Psychology | the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection |
| Natural Selection | a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment |
| Mutation | (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure |
| Gender | the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles |
| Culture | the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization |
| Norm | an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior |
| Personal Space | the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies |
| Individualism | the quality of being individual |
| Collectivism | giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly |
| Aggression | violent action that is hostile and usually unprovoked |
| X Chromosome | the sex chromosome that is present in both sexes: singly in males and doubly in females |
| Y Chromosome | the sex chromosome that is carried by men |
| Testosterone | a potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes |
| Role | the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group |
| Gender Role | the overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness |
| Gender Identity | your identity as it is experienced with regard to your individuality as male or female |
| Gender Typing | the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role |
| Social Learning Theory | the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished |
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