Chapter 13

5 Written Questions

1. the deposition of acidic or acid-forming pollutants from the atmosphere onto Earth's surface; takes place by precipitation, by fog, gasses, or the deposition of dry particles
2. 1 of a pair of cells of convective circulation between the equator & 30 degrees north & south latitude that influence global climate patterns
3. a term used worldwide to describe unhealthy mixtures of air pollutants that often form over urban areas
4. the wet or dry deposition on land of a wide variety of pollutants, including mercury, nitrates, organochlorines, & others
5. acidic deposition that takes place thru rain

5 Matching Questions

1. climate
2. sulfur dioxide
3. troposphere
4. sick-building syndrome
5. scrubber

1. a a colorless gas w/ a pungent odor; pollution results from the combustion of coal for electricity generation & industry; leads to acidic deposition
2. b an illness produced by indoor pollution in which the specific cause is not identifiable
3. c chemically converts or physically removes airborne pollutants before they are emitted from smokestacks; has allowed factories, power plants, & refineries to decrease emissions of several pollutants
4. d describes the pattern of atmospheric conditions found across large geographic regions over long periods of time, typically seasons, years, or millennia
5. e the bottomost layer of the atmosphere; it extends to 11 km above sea level

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. composed of solid or liquid particles small enough to be suspended in the atmosphere & able to damage respiratory tissues when inhaled; includes primary pollutants (e.g. dust & soot) as well as secondary pollutants (e.g. sulfates & nitrates); most is wind-blown dust; human activity accounts for most of the rest; produced London's 1952 killer smog & the deaths resulting from that episode
   1. particulate matter
   2. weather
   3. ozone layer
   4. climate
2. a carbon-containing chemical (e.g. hydrocarbons) that can react to produce ozone & other secondary pollutants; the largest sources of emissions include industrial use of solvents & vehicle emissions
   1. chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
   2. toxic air pollutant
   3. volatile organic compound (VOC)
   4. atmospheric deposition
3. a portion of the stratosphere, roughly 17-30 km above sea level, which contains most of the ozone in the atmosphere
   1. weather
   2. lead
   3. ozone layer
   4. cyclone
4. results when atmospheric nitrogen & oxygen react at the high temperature created by combustion engines; >half of the emissions result from combustion in vehicle engines & electrical utility & industrial combustion account for most of the rest
   1. nitrogen dioxide
   2. nitrogen oxide
   3. sulfur dioxide
   4. carbon monoxide
5. a circular current (of air, water, magma, etc.) driven by temperature differences; in the atmosphere, warm air rises into regions of lower atmospheric pressure, where it expands & cools & then descends & becomes denser, replacing warm air that is rising; the air picks up heat & moisture near ground level & prepares to rise again, continuing the process
   1. photochemical smog
   2. acid rain
   3. convective circulation
   4. Clean Air Act

5 True/False Questions

1. carbon monoxide → a foul-smelling, reddish brown gas that contributes to smog & acidic deposition

   True        False

2. Clear Skies → specifies atmospheric conditions over short time periods, typically hours or days, & within relatively small geographic areas

   True        False

3. point source → describes a specific spot where large quantities of pollutants are discharged (e.g. a factory's smokestacks)

   True        False

4. Coriolis effect → the apparent deflection of north-south air currents to a partly east-west direction, caused by the faster spin of regions near the equator than of regions near the poles as a result of Earth's rotation

   True        False

5. industrial smog → brown-air smog caused by light-driven reactions of primary pollutants w/ normal atmospheric compounds that produce a mix of > 100 different chemicals, ground-level ozone often being the most abundant among them

   True        False