| Term | Definition |
| adverse | unfavorable, negative |
| arid | extremely dry |
| assailant | person who violently attacks |
| billow | a large wave |
| confront | to meet face-to-face |
| constrain | hold back |
| contemporary | belonging to the same time period |
| depict | to show in the form of a picture |
| disinterested | indifferent; fair-minded |
| encompass | to go or reach around |
| groundless | without any good reason or cause |
| hypocrite | a two-faced person |
| incomprehensible | impossible to understand |
| manipulate | to handle or use skillfully |
| maximum | the greatest possible amount |
| mimic | to imitate |
| ruffle | to wrinkle, annoy; a gathered strip of material used for trimming edges |
| serene | peaceful |
| sheepish | embarrased |
| stamina | the strength needed to keep going |