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Constant f(x) = c Linear f(x) = x Quadratic f(x) = x^2 Cubic f(x) = x^3 Square root f(x) = √x Slope-intercept form y = mx + b Vertical line x = a Horizontal line y = b Slope formula m = y1 - y2/x1 - x2 Point-slope form y-y1 = m(x - x1) Matrix equations Ax = B x = A^-1B Vertex form f(x) = a(x - h)^2 + k Axis of symmetry (Vertex form) x = h Vertex (Vertex form) (h, k) Standard form f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c Axis of symmetry (Standard form) x = -b/2a Vertex (Standard form) (-b/2a, f(-b/2a)) Y-intercept y = c Difference of two squares a^2 - b^2 = (a + b)(a - b) Perfect-square trinomial a^2 - 2ab + b^2 = (a - b)^2 a^2 + 2ab +b^2 = (a + b)^2