American History: Unit 1
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Fir3Fantom on September 20, 2008
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Columbian Exchange | The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans. |
| turning point | An event marking a unique or important historical change of course or one on which important developments depend. |
| circumnavigate | To sail around the world. |
| Moctezuma | He was the Aztec king that ruled the Aztec empire in present day Mexico City. |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | A spanish explorer who led an expedition across Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean. |
| presidio | A fortress established in the southwestern United States by the Spanish in order to protect their missions and other holdings. |
| mission | Comprise a series of religious outposts established to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans. |
| creole | A person born in Louisiana but of usually French ancestry. |
| mestizo | A person of mixed racial ancestry, especially mixed European and Native American ancestry. |
| encomienda | Brutal spanish system of using native americans for labor. |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia. |
| Powhatan | Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy of tribes in eastern Virginia; also father of Pocahontas. |
| Parliment | The council that advised the english king. |
| House of Burgesses | The first group of local representatives in virginia established in 1619. |
| Protestant Reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. |
| Northwest Passage | A water route between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans along the northern coast of North America. |
| missionary | A person who spreads his/her religious beliefs to others. |
| Puritans | Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China. |
| Bartholomew Diaz | Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope, thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia. |
| Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince who started a school for sailors and sponsored early voyages of exploration. |
| John Cabot | Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland. |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Sailed for Spain, wrote exagerated stories, Americas named after him. |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | Conquistador who explored present-day Florida. |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese explorer who reached the Philippines, and circumnavigated the world. |
| Hernando Cortez | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico. |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas, in what is now Peru, and founded the city of Lima. |
| Hernando de Soto | In 1539, Spanish exlporer who explored the SE US looking for gold. |
| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | In 1539, spanish explorer looking for "7 Cities of Cibola (Gold)" in Texas, Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico. |
| Jacques Cartier | French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river, and laid claim to the region for France. |
| Hendry Hudson | In 1609, English discovered area from Hudson River to Albany. In, 1610 English sailed for Netherlands and discovered Hudson Bay. |
| Pocahontas | Powhatan princess who befriended the English colonists at Jamestown by marrying John Rolfe, and is said to have saved Capt. John Smith from execution by her people. |
| Roanoke | In 1587, the English again attempted to settle. John White, father of one of the colonists, and grandfather to the first English child born in the New World, Virginia Dare, left the colony to return to England for supplies that he felt would help the colonists to survive, expecting to return to Roanoke Island within three months. Instead, he found England at war with Spain, and all ships were confiscated for use of the war efforts. His return to Roanoke Island was delayed until 1590. When he finally returned, the colonists had disappeared. The only thing he found was the word "CROATOAN" carved into a nearby tree. Before leaving the colony for England three years earlier, White left instructions with the colonists that if they were forced to abandon their settlement on Roanoke, that they were to carve out the name of the place where they were going and a cross under the carving if they left for danger. |
| John White | Sir Walter Raleigh sent a second group of colonist to settle a colony in Virginia and appointed him to be governor. |
| Jamestown | First settlement in Virginia where many colonists died because of poor conditions. |
| John Rolfe | Married Pocahontas, and started the planting of tobacco in Jamestown. |
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