Guide to Geography: Chapter 20c - The Horn of Africa

Terms	Definitions
Ethiopian Plateau	East of the Sudan the Sahara desert meets this landform, marking the beginning of the Horn of Africa.
Great Rift Valley	The terrain of the Horn of Africa is dominated by Ethiopia's high central plateau which is split diagonally by this fault system that starts in Northern Syria, cuts through the Jordan Valley and the Red Sea, and in Africa runs all the way south to Mozambique.
Blue Nile	This river rises in in Lake Tana in northwestern Ethiopia.
Italy	Eritrea, Ethiopia, and the western leg of Somalia are all former colonies of this European country.
France	Djibouti was once a colony of this European country.
Britain	The northwestern part of Somalia was formerly a colony of this country.
Eritrea	After the Italians were driven out of the Horn of Africa in 1941, this country was administered by Britain until 1952 when it joined Ethiopia in a federation.
civil war	In 1962, Ethiopia made Eritrea a province, triggering a disastrous 30 year ________ ________. Eritrea finally prevailed in 1991 and became independent 2 years later.
Eritrea, Ethiopia	In 1998, a vicious and costly border war broke out between these two countries. Hostilities ended in 2000 and UN peacekeeping forces have been in force since then.
Asmara	Name Eritrea's capital.
Christians, Muslims	Eritrea is evenly divided between these two religious groups.
Ethiopia	After Egypt, this is Africa's second oldest state. According to legend, it's first emperor was Menelik I, the son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.
Menelik I	According to legend, Ethiopia's first emperor was this son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.
Haile Selassi	In 1974, this last emperor of Ethiopia was deposed in a coup and replaced by a socialist military dictatorship.
Mariam	This Ethiopian seized power in 1977 with the support of the Soviet Union. Under him, Ethiopia fought a civil war with Eritrean separatists and border wars with Somalia while engaging in a reign of terror at home. He was forced into exile in 1991.
Addis Ababa	What is the capital of Ethiopia?
Amharic	What is the official language of Ethiopia?
coffee	This crop is one of Ethiopia's economic mainstays.
famines	The combination of war and a series of horrifying droughts have caused a series of what in Ethiopia over the past 40 years.
Oromo, Amhara, Tigrean	These three ethnic groups account for 75% of Ethiopia's 75 million people.
Simali Issas, Afars	Mounting tensions between these two groups in Djibouti led to the outbreak of a civil war that didn't fully end until 2001.
Djibouti	What is the capital of Djibouti
French, Arabic	What are Djibouti's two official languages?
Islam	What is Djibouti's dominant religion?
Red Sea, Gulf of Aden	Djibouti's position at the junction of these two bodies of water has been economically advantageous to the country.
Somalia	This country is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Aden and on the east and south by the Indian Ocean. In 1990 the country began to disintegrate into hostile "ministates" controlled by rival warlords.
Black Hawk Down	This notorious incident in 1994 caused the withdrawal of U.S. forces in Somalia after bodies of American soldiers, who had come to the country to facilitate the delivery of food and assistance to the Somali people, were dragged through the streets of the capital Mogadishu. A book and movie were made that described these events.
helicopter	What is a black hawk?
Ethiopia	In December 2006, this country backed by the U.S. invaded Somalia to re-establish a democratic government there.
Somalia	This country has Africa's longest coastline.
Mogadishu	This is Somalia's capital city.
Somalia
Djibouti
Ethiopia
Eritrea