| Term | Definition |
|---|
| increases | The vapor pressure of water ____________ as the temperature increases. |
| boiling point | The ____________ of a liquid is the temperature at which the external pressure equals the vapor pressure above the liquid. |
| pressure | One can decrease the boiling point of a substance by decreasing the _____________. |
| volume | Vapor pressure is independent of the __________ of the container, liquid, or vapor. |
| kinetic energy | Vapor pressure is high at high temperatures because more particles will have the necessary ________________ to escape. |
| Kc, concentration | The equilibrium expression can be used to calculate _______ or an unknown __________ of a product. |
| [C]^c x [D]^d / [A]^a x [B]^b | For a reaction given by the equation aA + bB <------> cC + dD, Kc = ? |
| false | True or false: changing the pressure will have an effect on the value of Kc. |
| true | True or false: Changing the temperature will have an effect on the value of Kc. |
| false | True or false: changing the volume will have an effect on the value of Kc. |
| true | True or false: The equilibrium constant has no units. |
| exponentially | Vapor pressure increases ____________ as temperature increases. |
| boiling point, enthalpy of vaporization | Stronger intermolecular forces = higher __________ and _______________. |
| Le Chatelier's principle | If dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change. |
| rate of condensation | With reference to water vapor, equilibrium is established when the rate of vaporization equals ______________. |
| much greater than | A reaction has virtually gone to completion if the value of Kc is ___________ 1. |
| much less than | A reaction barely proceeds if the value of Kc is __________ 1. |
| equal to | Both reactants and products will be present in the equilibrium mixture in noticeable amounts if the value of Kc is __________ 1. |
| fewest | Increasing pressure favors the reaction that produces the __________ moles. |
| left | Increasing the temperature will shift the reaction _______ in an exothermic reaction. |
| right | Increasing the temperature will shift the reaction _________ in an endothermic reaction. |
| 2, 450 | The Haber process used to manufacture ammonia and the contact process used to manufacture sulfuric acid utilize a pressure of _______ atm and a temperature of ______ degrees Celsius. |
| iron | The catalyst in the Haber process is ________. |
| vanadium (V) oxide | The catalyst in the contact process is _________. |
| decreases | For an exothermic reaction, increasing the temperature _______________ the value of Kc. |
| increases | For an endothermic reaction, increasing the temperature _______________ the value of Kc. |
| greater than | If the reaction quotient is ___________ Kc, the system will shift left. |
| less than | If the reaction quotient is ____________ Kc, the system will shift right. |
| equal to | If the reaction quotient is ____________ Kc, the system is already at equilibrium. |
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