Vocab section 1
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66 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hoplites | heavily armed Greek infantrymen who marched and fought in close ranks; most of the recruits were middle-class citizens |
| Pythagoras | Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem |
| barbarian | a crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking culture or refinement |
| Pericles | Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece |
| Plato | ancient Athenian philosopher |
| marathon | a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians |
| Thucydides | ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War (460-395 BC) |
| dialects | different forms of the same language that have unique words, meanings, and pronounciations |
| Troy | an ancient city in Asia Minor that was the site of the Trojan War |
| patron | someone who supports or champions something |
| plataea | a defeat of the Persian army by the Greeks in 479 BC |
| Salamis | island of Greece in the Saronic Gulf east of Athens. In an important naval battle off the island's northeast coast the Greeks, led by Themistocles, defeated the Persian fleet in 480 b.c.An |
| oligarchy | a political system governed by a few people |
| Praxiteles | ancient Greek sculptor (circa 370-330 BC) |
| catastrophes | great and sudden disasters |
| arete | being the best you can be; peak; virtue or courage |
| Parthenon | the main temple of the goddess Athena |
| Odysseus | a famous mythical Greek hero |
| epic poem | a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds |
| humanized | to make a god into a human or a god who has human characteristics |
| Homer | ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC) |
| sophia | wisdom |
| Iliad | a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy |
| alphabet | a set of symbols that represent the sounds of a language |
| odyssey | a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the journey of Odysseus after the fall of Troy |
| pottery | the craft of making earthenware |
| freestanding statue | a statue that can stand by itself without support |
| hero | Greek heroes were brave and clever, he feels an obligation to acheive great deeds at the risk of his life |
| 776 B.C. | first Olympics took place in Olympia |
| Olympia | a plain in Greece in the northwestern Peloponnese |
| Agon | greek word for agony |
| Acropolis | highest city |
| Athena | patron goddess of wisdom |
| Humanization of the gods | gods took human form and shared human passions; important feature of Greek culture |
| classical | period in ancient Greece where only the gods were worshipped |
| antiquity | the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe |
| Xenophian | Greek historian that explained that the Greeks worshipped no man as master |
| Phidias | greatest artist of antiquity and was widely imitated in ancient times |
| "the measure of all things" | man |
| polis | Greek city- state |
| Aphrodite of Cnossos | greatest work of Praxiteles |
| city-state | ... |
| tyranny | someone gained complete control of the government- usually by force |
| Black Sea | ... |
| constitutional dictatorship | ... |
| Mediterranean | ... |
| aristocracy | ... |
| Greek mainland | held the greatest concentration of Greek cities |
| Greek islands | Also held the greatest concentration of Greek cities |
| democracy | ... |
| Ionia | on Western coast of Asia minor, held the greatest concentration of Greek cities |
| Egyptians | less impressed by change than long historical continuity |
| Western coast of Asia Minor | location of Ionia |
| continuity | uninterrupted connection; continuing for a long time |
| Mesopotamians | sensitive to change, but thought in terms of catastrophes caused by supernatural powers |
| Aristotle | polis of 100,000 is ungovernable b/c citizens would not know one another by sight |
| Hellenes | common pride- Greeks called themselves |
| myth | a aditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people |
| Peloponnesian War | ... |
| Helen | ... |
| Persian Wars | showed that Greeks could unite on some equations |
| Persia | ... |
| Themisticoles | defeated Persians |
| Aristides the Just | manage finances |
| Miltiades | ... |
| Hecataeus of Miletus | ... |
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