BIO: Chpt 9 vocab
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 self-fertilize | The fusion of sperm and egg produced by the same individual organism. |
| true-breeding | referring to organisms for which sexual reproduction produces offspring with inherited traits identical to those of the parents; the organisms are homozygous for the characteristics under consideration |
| hybrid | the offspring of parents of two different species or of two different varieties of one species; the offspring of two parents that differ in one or more inherited traits; an individual that is heterozygous for one or more pairs of genes |
| cross-fertilization | The fusion of sperm and egg derived from two different individuals |
| P generation | The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance |
| F1 generation | the offspring of two parental (P generation) individuals; ____ stands for first filial |
| F2 generation | the offspring of the F1 generation; ____stands for second fillial |
| monohybrid cross | An experimental mating of individuals differing at one genetic locus |
| allele | an alternative form of a gene |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a gene |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a given gene |
| dominant allele | In a heterozygote, the allele that determines the phenotype with respect to a particular gene |
| recessive allele | In a heterozygous individual, the allele that has no noticeable effect on the phenotype |
| law of segregation | a general rule in inheritance that individuals have 2 alleles for each gene and that when gametes form by meosis, the 2 alleles separate, and each resulting gamete ends up with only one allele of each gene; also know as Mendel's First Law of Inheritance |
| Punnet Square | A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization |
| phenotype | The expressed traits of an organism |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| dihybrid cross | an experimental mating of individuals differing at 2 genetic loci |
| law of independent assortment | a general rule in inheritance that when gametes form during meosis, each pair of alleles for a particular characteristc segregate independantly; also know as Mendel's Second Law of Inheritence |
| testcross | the mating between an individual of unknown genotype for a particular characteristic and an individual that is homozygous recessive for that same characteristic |
| rule of multiplication | A rule stating that the probability of a compound event is the product of the separate probabilities of the independent events |
| rule of addition | A rule stating that the probability of an event occurring when there are two or more alternative ways is the sum of the separate probabilities of the different ways |
| pedigree | a family tree representing the occurances of heritable traits in parents and offspring across a number of generations |
| inbreeding | mating between close relatives |
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