| Term | Definition |
|---|
| number | tells a value |
| unit | indicates the scale |
| giga (G) | 10 ^ 9 |
| mega (M) | 10 ^ 6 |
| kilo (K) | 10 ^ 3 |
| deci (d) | 10 ^ -1 |
| scientific law | statement of fact meant to exlpain a single action or a set of actions |
| scientific method | observe, hypothesis, predict, verify, evaluate |
| theory | an explanation of a set of related observations or events |
| centi | 10 ^ -2 |
| milli | 10 ^ -3 |
| micro | 10 ^ -6 |
| nano | 10 ^ -9 |
| homogeneous | matter that is uniform throughout |
| heterogeneous | matter that is not uniform throughout |
| filtration | seperation by differences in solubility |
| distillation | seperation by differences in boiling points |
| crystalline solid | long range, repeating order |
| amorphous solid | little order |
| exothermic | heat is released to the environment |
| endothermic | heat is absorbed from the environment |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus |
| atomic mass | protons + neutrons |
| periodic law | when the elements are arranged in order of increasing relative mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically |
| metals | solids at room temperature, conduct heat, malleable, ductile, lose electrons and form cations |
| nonmetals | poor heat and electricity conductors, brittle solids, gain electrons and form anions |
| metalloids | show some properties of metals and some of nonmetals |
| cation | positive ion |
| alkali metals | 1 A |
| alkaline earth metals | 2 A |
| halogens | 7 A |
| isotope | atoms of an element that differ only in the number of neutrons in the nucleus |
| anion | negative ion--- named by changing the ending of the name to -ide |
| +1 | charge of silver (Ag) |
| +2 | charge of zinc (Zn) |
| +3 | charge of aluminum (Al) |
| allotrope | one of 2 or more crystalline or molecular forms of an element |
| molecule | the smallest piece of a compound |
| ionic compound | formed from the combination of a metal with a nonmetal |
| molecular compound | formed from the combination of two or more nonmetals |
| type I metal | forms only one type of ion |
| type II metal | forms more than one typ of ion |
| acid | compounds that form H+ cations when dissolved in water |
| binary acid | contains hydrogen and one other nonmetal |
| oxyacids | contain oxygen, hydrogen, and a third element |
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