Lecture 1
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 protein destined for the cytosol | what type of protein is not translated on the ER? |
| translated on free ribosomes | where is protein destined for the cytosol translated? |
| nuclear envelope | The ER is continuous with what other cellular structure? |
| phospholipids | The Smooth ER is the place where _______ is synthesized. |
| noxious substances | SER neutralizes...? |
| SER | Would the smooth or rough ER be more important for muscle cells? |
| *golgi* and rough ER | What are the primary sites of post-translational modification? |
| paracrine | Cells communicating with nearby cells. Target cell binds with the signaling molecule that can activate many secondary messengers. |
| synaptic | Specifically in nerve cells @ synapse. Neurotransmitter travels btw one axon and the next nerve cell. Involves exocytosis, endocytosis, or receptor binding/signaling. |
| endocrine | Molecules that are synthesized by the cell and excreted into the blood to target cells. |
| euchromatin | lightly packed, open form of DNA (stains light and granular) |
| heterochromatin | highly dense, packed form of DNA (stains dark) |
| proteosomes | digest things marked for destruction with ubiquitin |
| peroxisomes | Membrane-bound organelle. Oxidize organic substances to H2O2, which is converted to H2O and O2 with the aid of catalase. |
| residual bodies | what is left of the lysosome after digestion. build up in nerve cells because nerve tissue is long lived. dark staining. |
| Skin, epithelium. Because it is so short lived. | No residual bodies are found in what tissue? Why? |
| autophagosomes | lysosomes that digest the cell and organelles that they are inside of (self-destruct) |
| secondary lysosome | have fused with something and are digesting that substance |
| primary lysosome | is the lysosome that first buds off |
| golgi | finishes post-translational modification, packages and concentrates, addresses proteins for delivery |
| Ca++ | mitochondria is responsible for maintaining what crucial ion concentration in the cell? |
| function of endoplasmic reticulum | site of translation of mRNA into proteins |
| endocrine | molecules are synthesized by the cell and excreted into the blood to target cells (ie growth factors, minerals, ions, cytokines) |
| name the organ sysems | 1. integument 2. lymphoid 3. respiratory 4. cardio 5. digestive 6. urinary 7. reproductive 8. endocrine |
| organs | structures comprised of a combination of different tissues that are put together in a certain arrangement to collectively carry out a function |
| name the types of tissues | 1. epithelium 2. muscle 3. nerve 4. connective |
| histology | study of microscopic structures of cells, tissues, and organs |
| tissue definition | group of cells with similar properties that perform a specialized function |
| cytoskeleton function | 1. scaffolding of the cell 2. cytoplasmic streaming 3. critical in mitosis |
| function of nucleus | site of genetic material and site of transcription |
| functions of the plasma membrane | 1. control the inner cellular matrix 2. allows for recognition and adhesion 3. creates a barrier 4. controls the concentration of proteins and minerals in the cytoplasm 5. allows for communication thru junctions |
| receptors for growth factors and cytokines in the environment | what allows the plasma membrane to act as the site for adhesion and recognition |
| fluid mosaic model | explains the dynamics of how a cell responds and interacts with the environment. changes surface proteins, polarity, phospholipid bilayer |
| integral proteins and peripheral proteins | 2 types of proteins that are in membranes |
| apical | upper surface of cell |
| basal | lower surface of cell |
| muscle | name the tissue that allows for organ mov't w/in the body |
| nervous | the basis of major controlling system of body |
| epithelium | the type of tissue that forms hormones |
| connective | type of tissue that packages and protects body organs and most widely distributed tissue type in body |
| stratified squamous epithelium | type of epithelial tissue that lines the esophagus and forms the skin epidermis |
| simple columnar epithelium | forms the lining of the stomach and small intestine |
| stratified squamous epithelium | type of epithelium found in areas subjected to friction |
| pseudostratified columnar epithelium (ciliated) | lines most of the respiratory tract |
| simple squamous epithelium | forms thin, serous membranes; a single layer of flattened cells |
| desmosome | cell structure specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion. junctional complexed. help resist sheer forces and are found in simple and stratified squamous epithelium. |
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