Anatomy (BKS) The Integumentary System
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Skin (Integument) consists of three major regions | Epidermis-outermost superficial region, Dermis-middle region , and Hypodermis (superficial fascia)-deepest region |
| Epidermis is Composed of | keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, consisting of four distinct cell types and four or five layers |
| Epidermis cell typs include | keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans' cells |
| Epidermis Outer portion of the skin is exposed to | the external environment and functions in protection |
| Keratinocytes | (Epidermis cells) produce the fibrous protein keratin |
| Melanocytes | (Epidermis cells) produce the brown pigment melanin |
| Langerhans' cells | (Epidermis cells) epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system |
| Merkel cells | (Epidermis cells) function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings |
| Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Basale (Basal Layer) | Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis |
| Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Basale (Basal Layer) consists of | a single row of the youngest keratinocytes |
| Alt name stratum germinativum is givin why? | because Cells undergo rapid division |
| Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer) contain a | weblike system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes |
| what is abundant in the stratum spinosum layer? | Melanin granules and Langerhans' cells |
| Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer) contains | Thin; three to five cell layers in which drastic changes in keratinocyte appearance occurs |
| What accumulates in the cells of Stratum the Granulosum layer? | Keratohyaline and lamellated granules |
| Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer) is a | Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum |
| Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer) consists of | a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes |
| Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer) is present only in | thick skin |
| Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer) is the | Outermost layer of keratinized cells |
| Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer) accounts for | three quarters of the epidermal thickness |
| Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer) functions include | -Waterproofing -Protection from abrasion and penetration -Rendering the body relatively insensitive to biological, chemical, and physical assaults |
| Dermis | Second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue |
| Dermis cell types include | fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and white blood cells |
| Dermis is composed of | two layers - papillary and reticular |
| Layers of the Dermis: Papillary Layer | -Areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers -Dermal papillae contain capillary loops, Meissner's corpuscles, and free nerve endings |
| Layers of the Dermis: Reticular Layer | Accounts for approximately 80% of the thickness of the skin |
| What adds strength amd resiliency to the skin inthe Reticular layer? | Collagen fibers |
| (Reticular Layer) Elastin fibers provide | stretch-recoil properties |
| Hypodermis is | Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin |
| Hypodermis is composed of | adipose and areolar connective tissue |
| Sweat Glands primary function? | Different types prevent overheating of the body |
| Eccrine sweat glands | found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead |
| Apocrine sweat glands | found in axillary and anogenital areas |
| Ceruminous glands | modified apocrine glands in external ear canal that secrete cerumen |
| Mammary glands | specialized sweat glands that secrete milk |
| Sebaceous Glands are | Simple alveolar glands found all over the body |
| Sebaceous Glands soften skin | when stimulated by hormones |
| Sebaceous Glands | Secrete an oily secretion called sebum |
| Hair are | Filamentous strands of dead keratinized cells produced by hair follicles |
| Hair contains | hard keratin which is tougher and more durable than soft keratin of the skin |
| Hair is made up of the shaft projecting from | the skin, and the root embedded in the skin |
| Hair consist of a core called | the medulla, a cortex, and an outermost cuticle |
| Functions of the Integumentary System: Protection | chemical, physical, and mechanical barrier |
| Body temperature regulation is accomplished by | -Dilation (cooling) and constriction (warming) of dermal vessels -Increasing sweat gland secretions to cool the body |
| Cutaneous sensation | exoreceptors sense touch and pain |
| Metabolic functions | synthesis of vitamin D in dermal blood vessels |
| Excretion | limited amounts of nitrogenous wastes are eliminated from the body in sweat |
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