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Which layer provides network access to application? Application Which layer pinterfaces with the application Application Which layer generi-fies the data Presentation Which layer has encryption services Presentation Which layer starts and ends sessions Session Which layer logically keeps sessions seperate Session Which layer dictates how the data is sent Transport Which layer defines well known services (ports) used Transport Which layer provides logical addressing Network Which layer finds the best path to a destination Network Which layer provides physical addressing Data Link Which layer ensures data is error-free Data Link Which layer provides access to the cable Physical Which layer is the electrical signals ones and zeroes Physical Which layer resides Brouters Data Link and Network Which layer resides Bridges Data Link Which layer resides Hubs Physical Which layer resides Repeaters Physical Which layer resides Routers Network What is 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) What is 802.3 Media Access Control sublayer (MAC) - specifically, Ethernet What is 802.5 Token Ring What is 802.11b Wireless Ethernet What is the port number for FTP data transfer Port 21 Where the end-user (computer) begins the communications process. TELNET, FTP, EMAIL reside here. They are not program-applications themselves, but the model interface through which they communicate. Application Encryption and conversion (formating), data compression occur here. JPG, GIF, BMP. Presentation Establishes, manages, and terminates user connections. Decisions on whether to use FULL or HALF duplex are made here. Session Data transmission completion. It's responsible for flow control and error recovery between to end points in a network connection. Transport Routing and switching takes place. Logical addressing/paths are on this layer. Packet addressing, congestion control, and internetworking happen here. (IP). Routers reside here Network Broken into 2 sub-sections. LLC (Logical Link Control) controls synchronization and error detection. MAC (Media Access Control) controls packet/information reception, and where CSMA/CD gets authorization to transmit data. Switches reside here. Data Link Hardware and transmission medium reside here. Hubs and repeaters exist here Physical Enables network services Application Integrates network functionality into the host OS Application Identify conversations Transport Data Translation Presentation Connection establishment Session Managing sessions in which data is transferred Session Establishment and maintenance of communication sessions between network hosts, ensuring that data is transported. Session Management of multiple sessions - as server can maintain thousands at the same time. Session Assign session ID number to each session. Session Dialog control -- specify how network devices coordinate with each other. Session Formats or presents data into a compatible form for receipt by the Application Layer or the destination system. Presentation Formatting and translation of data between systems Presentation Negotiation of data transfer syntax between systems, via converting character sets to the correct format. Presentation Ensures host compatibility Presentation Encapsulation of data into message envelopes by encryption and compression as well as restoring same by decryption and decompression. Presentation At what layers do gateways function at? Transport What layer provides network access for applications? Application What layer provides flow control? Transport What layer establishes the availability of other computers on the network? Application What layer determines if sufficient resources exist for communication to occur between two computers? Application What layer does SMTP function at? Application What layer does FTP function at? Application What layer does SNMP function at? Application What layer does Telnet function at? Application What layer performs protocol conversion? Presentation What layer performs encryption? Presentation What layer performs compression? Presentation What layer synchronizes computers involved in a communication? Session What layer handles connection establishment, data transfer, and connection release? Session What layer does NetBIOS function at? Session What layer repackages messages into smaller formats? Transport What layer provides error-free delivery and error handling functions? Transport What layers does NetBEUI function at? Transport and Network What layer does TCP function at? Transport What layer does SPX function at? Transport What layers does NWLink function at? Transport and Network What layer handles logical addressing? Network What layer handles routing? Network What layer handles traffic management? Network What layer does IP function at? Network What layer does IPX function at? Network Where does the routers and brouters function at Network What layer packages raw bits into frames? Data Link What is the purpose of packaging raw bits into frames? they are transmittable across a network What layer includes a Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC)? Data Link What are the two sublayers of the Data Link layer? LLC and MAC What does the LLC sublayer use to create links for the MAC sublayer? Destination Service Access Points and Source Service Access Points A80 Which layer does switches, bridges, and brouters function Data Link Which layer does multiplexers and repeaters (Hubs) resides Physical How many bits/bytes are in MAC address 48 bits / 6 bytes What protocol is used to map MAC addresses to IP addresses? ARP What is the 5-step encapsulation process? 1. Create application data and headers 2. Package data for transport 3. Add destination and source network address 4. Add destination and source data link address 5. Transmit the bits What are the 7 layers of the OSI reference model? 7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data Link 1. Physical What are the 4 layers of the TCP/IP reference model? 4. Application 3. Transport 2. Internetwork 1. Network Interface What is a L3PDU? L3PDU stands for layer 3 protocol data unit, which would be the layer 3 headers, trailers, and all data encapsulated inside What terms describe the contents of data encapsulated by the data link layer Frame What terms describe the contents of data encapsulated by the network layer Packet What terms describe the contents of data encapsulated by the transport layer Segment What are the benefits of layering? 1. Easier to learn 2. Easier to develop 3. Multivendor Interoperability 4. Modular Engineering What header or trailer does a router discard as a side-effect of routing? The data-link header and trailer Which layer provides network access to application? Application Which layer pinterfaces with the application Application Which layer generi-fies the data Presentation Which layer has encryption services Presentation Which layer starts and ends sessions Session Which layer logically keeps sessions seperate Session Which layer dictates how the data is sent Transport Which layer defines well known services (ports) used Transport Which layer provides logical addressing Network Which layer finds the best path to a destination Network Which layer provides physical addressing Data Link Which layer ensures data is error-free Data Link Which layer provides access to the cable Physical Which layer is the electrical signals ones and zeroes Physical Which layer resides Brouters Data Link and Network Which layer resides Bridges Data Link Which layer resides Hubs Physical Which layer resides Repeaters Physical Which layer resides Routers Network What is 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) What is 802.3 Media Access Control sublayer (MAC) - specifically, Ethernet What is 802.5 Token Ring What is 802.11b Wireless Ethernet What is the port number for FTP data transfer Port 21 Where the end-user (computer) begins the communications process. TELNET, FTP, EMAIL reside here. They are not program-applications themselves, but the model interface through which they communicate. Application Encryption and conversion (formating), data compression occur here. JPG, GIF, BMP. Presentation Establishes, manages, and terminates user connections. Decisions on whether to use FULL or HALF duplex are made here. Session Data transmission completion. It's responsible for flow control and error recovery between to end points in a network connection. Transport Routing and switching takes place. Logical addressing/paths are on this layer. Packet addressing, congestion control, and internetworking happen here. (IP). Routers reside here Network Broken into 2 sub-sections. LLC (Logical Link Control) controls synchronization and error detection. MAC (Media Access Control) controls packet/information reception, and where CSMA/CD gets authorization to transmit data. Switches reside here. Data Link Hardware and transmission medium reside here. Hubs and repeaters exist here Physical Enables network services Application Integrates network functionality into the host OS Application Identify conversations Transport Data Translation Presentation Connection establishment Session Managing sessions in which data is transferred Session Establishment and maintenance of communication sessions between network hosts, ensuring that data is transported. Session Management of multiple sessions - as server can maintain thousands at the same time. Session Assign session ID number to each session. Session Dialog control -- specify how network devices coordinate with each other. Session Formats or presents data into a compatible form for receipt by the Application Layer or the destination system. Presentation Formatting and translation of data between systems Presentation Negotiation of data transfer syntax between systems, via converting character sets to the correct format. Presentation Ensures host compatibility Presentation Encapsulation of data into message envelopes by encryption and compression as well as restoring same by decryption and decompression. Presentation At what layers do gateways function at? Transport What layer provides network access for applications? Application What layer provides flow control? Application What layer establishes the availability of other computers on the network? Application