Chapter 12: equilibrium
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 equilibrium constant (K) | A number characteristic of an equilibrium system at a particular temperature. |
| equilibrium expression | [C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b |
| coefficient rule | If the coefficients in a balanced equation are multiplied by a factor n, the equilibrium constant is raised to the nth power. |
| reciprocal rule | The equilibrium constants for forward and reverse reactions are the reciprocals of each other. |
| multiple equilibria rule | If a reaction can be expressed as the sum of two or more reactions, K for the overall reaction is the product of the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions. |
| La Châtelier's principle | Whenever a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift to relieve that stress and reestablish equilibrium. |
| van't Hoff equation | ln K₂/K₁=ΔH°/R [1/T₁-1/T₂] |
| The Reaction Quotient (Q) | Used to determine reaction direction. |
| Q<K | the reaction proceeds in the forward direction, generating products. |
| Q>K | the reaction proceeds in the reverse direction, generation reactants. |
| Q=K | the reaction is already at equilibrium. |
| quadratic formula | (-b±√b²-4ac)/2a |
| equilibrium | A state of dynamic balance between forward and reverse reactions that does not change with time. |
| K>1 | products form. (spontaneous reaction) |
| K<1 | reactants need additional assistance to form products. (nonspontaneous). |
| K=1 | equilibrium mixture contains equal amounts |
| Relationship between Kp and Kc | Kp=Kc(RT)^n(gas) |
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