| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Jugular vein, Media Metatarsal vein, Cutaneous Ulnar Vein | What 3 veins can be use for blood collection in birds? |
| Toenail clips, Skin Prick | What are the 2 blood collection sites in birds that aren't veins |
| Oval shaped, Nucleated, Tend to clump | What is different about avian erythrocytes? |
| Nucleated, Cytoplasm may have granules, 2 functions | What is different about avian thrombocytes? |
| Clotting, Phagocytosis | What are the two functions of avian thrombocytes? |
| the distinctly red-orange, round cells | What cells are counted on the wbc hemocytometer? |
| #counted X 32 X (100/ H+E) | How is the actual WBC count determined in birds? |
| Hematopoiesis | Blood Cell Production |
| Pleuripotent stem cell in bone marrow | How does erythropoiesis begin? |
| Erythropoietin | What commits the pleuripotent stem cell to the rbc line? |
| Kidneys | Where is erythropoietin manfactured? |
| Oxygen tension in the blood | What is manufactured in erythropoietin controlled by? |
| Rubriblast | Maturation step from committed stem cell in erytropoiesis after this stage of mitosis begins |
| Prorubricyte | Two of these form from the mitotic division of a rubriblast w/each division. Cell size decreases, nuclear size decreases, cytoplasm matures |
| Rubricyte | Stage that undergoes 3 mitotic divisions each producing a more mature _____________. 16 __________ are formed by the end of this mitosis |
| Metarubricyte | Maturation step from the last rubricyte division. The nRBC sometimes seen in blood smears |
| Reticulocyte | Polychromatic RBC's. Nuclear material still diffused in cell so color of cytoplasm is darker |
| Mature Erythrocyte | All nuclear material is gone. Cell has full compliment of hemoglobin. 16 are produced from every committed cell |
| 7-8days | How long does it take from committed stem cell to rbc released from bone marrow? |
| Androgens, Growth Hormones, Thyroid Hormones | What 3 things stimulate RBC production? |
| Granulopoiesis | All 3 granulocytes go through a similar pattern of development. Pluripotent stem cell becomes committed to the granulocyte series |
| Probably factors released in the ihflammatory reaction/ Factors of the allergic reaction stimulate eosinophils and basophils | What are the possible factors that commit the pleuripotent stem cell to the granulocyte series? |
| 5-7 days | How long does it take from myelobloast to myelocyte stage |
| 16 | How many mature cells (ganulocytes) should be formed from the committed stem cell? |
| 5 day supply | How much of a supply of neutrophils dos the bone marrow have that it can release at any time? |
| 1-Myeloblast 2-Progranulocyte 3-Myelocyte 4-Metamyelocyte 5-Band cell 6-Mature Seg. | What are the 6 stages of granulopoiesis? |
| Left Shift | Bone marrow releases older cells first~ If cells are in high demand the immature cells are released |
| Committed Stem Cell. Monoblast-2 Promonocyte-4 Monocyte-8 | What are the numbers for monocytopoiesis? |
| Monocyte | A relatively immature cell (larger cell/bluer cytoplasm/large nucleus) Matures as it enters tissue |
| Macrophage | As the monocyte enters the tissue it becomes what? |
| They migrate to lymph tissue during the fetal stage | What is different about lymphatic pluripotent stem cells? |
| T-lymphocytes (originate in thymus) B-lymphocytes (originate from bursa fabrisus) | What are the 2 separate types of lymphocyes? Where do they originate? |
| Committed stem cell, Lymphoblast-2, Prolymphocyte-4, Lymphocyte-8 | What are the numbers for lymphocytopoiesis? |
| Endomitosis | What is the process by which platlets are formed? |
| Nucleus divides w/out dividing cytoplasm | What is endomitosis? |
| Megakaryocyte | What is the largest cell in the bone marrow? |
| Pyknotic Nucleus | What is the old shrunken nucleus of the megakaryocyte called? |
| It has a stylet that "pops" through the bone | What is special about the 12-10gauge needle use for bone marrow taps? |
| Dorsal Femur, Iliac crest | What 2 areas are generally used for bone marrow collection? |
| 20cc | What size syringe is usually used for bone marrow collection? |
| Surgically prepped, Incision in skin where needle will be placed | What is done to the animal before its bone marrow is collected? |
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