chapter 4 Cell Reproduction
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell cycle | the regular sequence of growth and division of cells |
| mitosis | the stage of the cell cycle where the nucleus divides |
| interphase | the stage of the cell cycle where the cell PREPARES to divide |
| mitosis: prophase | the chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down |
| mitosis: metaphase | the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| mitosis: anaphase | the centromeres split; chromatids separate and move to opposite ends |
| mitosis: telophase | nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes |
| cytokinesis | the cell splits into two daughter cells |
| centromere | the structure that holds the chromatids together |
| centriole | rectangular structures that are copied during cell division, pull on spindle fibers |
| DNA | molecule made up of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen bases |
| nitrogen bases | adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine |
| chromosome | a double rod of condensed chromatin, made of coiled DNA |
| chromatid | two of them make up a chromosome |
| spindle fibers | strands that help pull the chromatids apart |
| daughter cell | new cells, genetically identical to original cell |
| parent cell | cell that divides, produces two daughter cells |
| asexual reproduction | one parent cell produces new cells |
| sexual reproduction | two parent cells produce off spring |
| haploid | one set of chromosomes, "half the number", found only in sex cells |
| diploid | pair of chromosomes, "double number", found in body cells |
| budding | new organism grows off of the parent |
| binary fission | one celled organism divides into two |
| cuttings | a piece of the parent plant starts to grow a new organism |
| regeneration | an organism grows a part that has been cut off |
| meiosis | reproductin of sex cells |
| egg | female sex cell |
| sperm | male sex cell |
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