Pharmacology Test 4
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Created by:
Lindec4445 on January 8, 2011
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104 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 adrenergic agonists | drugs that stimulate and mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system |
| sympathomimetics | adrenergic agonists |
| adrenergic receptors | receptor sites for the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine |
| alpha-adrenergic receptors | a class of adrenergic receptors that are further subdivided into alpha 1 and alpha 2 and are differentiated by anatomic location |
| autonomic functions | bodily functions that are involuntary and result from the physiologic activity of the ANS, functions often occur in pairs of opposing actions |
| autonomic nervous system | a branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls autonomic bodily functions |
| sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system | make up the autonomic nervous system |
| beta adrenergic receptors | receptors located in postsynaptic effector cells of tissues |
| beta 1 adrenergic receptors | located primarily in the heart |
| beta 2 adrenergic receptors | located primarily in the smooth muscle fibers of bronchioles and viseral organs |
| catecholamines | substances that can produce sympathomimetic response |
| endogenous catecholimines | epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine |
| synthetic catecholamine drug | dobutamine |
| dopaminergic receptor | a third type of adrenergic receptor in addition to alpha and beta and activated by binding of neurotransmitter dopamine |
| mydriasis | pupillary dilation |
| ophthalmics | drugs for the eye |
| positive chronotropic effect | increase in heart rate |
| positive dromotropic effect | an increase in the conduction of cardiac electrical impulses through the AV node |
| ventricular contractions | systolic heartbeat |
| positive inotropic effect | increase in the force of contraction of the heart muscle |
| drugs used to mimic catecholamines-epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine | sympathomimetics |
| synaptic cleft | space between adjacent nerve cells or the nerve cell membrane and an effector organ cell membrane |
| nervous system | consists of central and peripheral |
| central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | autonomic and somatic nervous systems |
| somatic nervous system | skeletal muscle |
| parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system | autonomic nervous system |
| parasympathetic nervous system | cholinergic-acetylcholine |
| sympathetic nervous system | adrenergic-norepinephrine |
| synapse | synaptic cleft |
| fight or flight | sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system |
| vasoactive adrenergics | adrenergics having primarily cardiovascular effects |
| dobutamine | dobutrex-beta 1 selective vasoactive adrenergic |
| dopamine | intropin-naturally occuring catecholimine neurotransmitter in SNS |
| epinephrine | adrenalin-endogenous vasoactive catecholamine |
| midodrine | requires careful blood pressure monitoring |
| increased cardiac contractility | beta 1 agonists can cause...... |
| inhaled salmeterol | is for the prevention of bronchospasm |
| negative chronotropic effect | decreased heart rate |
| beta adrenergic agonist side effects include... | mild tremors, tachycardia,palpitations,nervousness |
| agonists | drugs with specific receptor affinity that mimic the bodys natural chemicals |
| angina | paroxysmal chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia |
| paroxysmal | sudden |
| antagonists | drugs that bind to specific receptors and inhibit or block the response of the receptors |
| dysrhythmias | irregular heart rythms |
| arrhythmias | dysrhythmias |
| extravasation | leaky blood vessels |
| lipophilicity | the chemical attraction of a substance to lipid molecules |
| pheochromocytoma | vascular adrenal gland tumor secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| sympatholytics | drugs that inhibit the postganlionic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system |
| tamsulosin | flomax |
| vasodilation | result of injecting alpha blocker phentolamine |
| phentolamine | regitine-alpha blocker |
| bradycardia | beta 1 blockers can cause |
| main purpose of beta blockers | protect the heart from circulating catecholamines |
| alpha-blockers can cause.... | orthostatic hypotension,increased urine flow,headaches |
| acetylcholine-needed for normal brain function | neurotransmitter responsible for transmission of nerve impulses to effector cells in the PNS |
| acetylcholinesterase | enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine |
| cholinesterase | acetylcholinesterase |
| cholingergic receptor | nerve receptors that is stimulated by acetylcholine |
| miosis | pupil contraction |
| muscarinic receptors | cholinergic receptors that are located postsynaptically in the effector organs such as smooth muscle |
| nicotinic receptors | cholinergic receptors located in the ganglia of both PNS and SNS |
| stimulated by alkaloid nicotine | nicotinic receptors |
| ganglia | where presynaptic and postsynaptic nerve fibers meet |
| parasympathomimetics | drugs that mimic the PNS |
| cholinergic agonist drugs | parasympathomimetics |
| bethanechol | urecholine-direct acting cholinergic agonist should be taken with meals to avoid GI upset, contraindicated with peptic ulcer |
| donepezil | aricept-indirect acting anticholinesterase drug |
| atropine | treat cholinergic drug overdose |
| pyridostigmine | mestinon-treat MG, should be taken 30 minutes before meals |
| cholinergic crisis symptoms include | hypotension,syncope,dyspnea |
| cholinergic-blocking drugs | block the action of acetylcholine at receptor sites- |
| mydriasis | dilation of the pupil |
| parasympatholytics | reduce the activity of the PNS |
| anticholinergics-avoid high temperatures | parasympatholytics-can cause dry mouth |
| antimuscarinic drugs | anticholinergics or parasympatholytics-avoid using with TCA |
| primarily used in the management of cardiovascular disorders | atropine |
| tolterodine | detrol-muscarinic receptor blocker |
| cholinergic antagonists | parasympatholytics,cholinergic blockers, anticholinergics-contraindicated with BPH |
| vasoconstriction and central nervous system stimulation | predominant alpha adrenergic agonist response |
| stimulation of beta 1 in the kidneys | increases renin production |
| beta 2 agonists | helpful in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis |
| beta 2 selective adrenergic drugs include | albuterol, ephedrine, formoterol,levalbuterol,metaproterenol, pirbuterol, salmeterol and terbutaline |
| esmolol | rapid acting sympatholytic drug to lower blood pressure |
| alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation results in | vasoconstriction of blood vessels |
| beta 1 adrenergic receptors results in | bronchodilation |
| phentolamine-alpha blocker | used to treat infiltration of adrenergic drugs by causing localized vasodilation |
| adventitious | abnormal |
| alpha 2 active drug | clonidine |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | bph-treated with terozosin and doxazosin, alpha blockers |
| tamsulosin | flomax, to treat bph |
| glycogenolysis | production of glucose from glycogen in the liver |
| angina | chest pain |
| atropine-antimuscarinic | management of bradycardia for overdose of beta blockers |
| atenolol | tenormin-beta blocker to prevent future MI |
| nonselective beta blockers | protect the heart from circulating catecholamines |
| physostigmine | antidote for anticholinergic poisoning, treatment for MG |
| bethanechol | used to treat decreased or absent peristalsis related to surgery |
| dicyclomine | bentyl-gi motility-anticholinergic |
| glycopyrrolate | robinal-antimuscarinic-decrease secretions |
| oxybutynin | ditropan-overactive bladder-antimuscarinic |
| scopolamine | anticholinergic-motion sickness |
| contraindications for anticholinergic | bph,tricyclic antidepressants |
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