| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Atom | The smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means |
| Element | A substance made up of atoms that have the same number of protons |
| Valence electrons | Electrons in the outermost level, or shell |
| Compound | A substance made of the bonded atoms of two or more different elements |
| Molecule | A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| Ion | An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge because it has gained or lost electrons |
| Polar | Molecules with a partial charges on opposite ends |
| Cohesion | The attraction of particles of the same substance |
| Adhesion | The attraction between particles of different substances |
| Solution | A mixture in which ions or molecules of one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance |
| Acids | Compounds that form extra hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
| Bases | Compounds that form extra hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| PH | A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is |
| Buffer | A substance that reacts to prevent PH changes in a solution |
| Biomolecules | The parts of cells are made up of large, complex molecules |
| Carbohydrates | Molecules made of sugars |
| Lipids | Another class of biomolecules which includes fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes |
| Proteins | A molecule made up of amino acids |
| Amino Acids | Building blocks that link to form proteins |
| Nucleic Acid | Long chain of nucleotide units |
| Nucleotide | A molecule made up of three parts: a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group |
| DNA | Deoxyribonnucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate, an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes |
| Energy | The ability to move or change matter is called |
| Reactant | A substance that is changed in a chemical reaction |
| Product | The new substance that is formed in a chemical reaction |
| Activation energy | The minimum kinetic energy that colliding particles need to start a chemical reaction |
| Enzyme | A molecule that increases the speed of biochemical reactions |
| Active site | The region where the reaction takes place |
| Substrate | The reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes |
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