Atoms to Minerals
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Created by:
awagner123 on January 9, 2011
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mineral | A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition. |
| Ag | used in film developing |
| Cu | used in electrical wiring |
| Gypsum | used in drywall aka wall board |
| Phosphorous | used in fertilizer |
| Halite | rock salt also table salt |
| Graphite | used in pencils |
| Calcite | reacts with acid (HCl) |
| Calcite | makes up limestone, which "saves PA from acid rain" |
| atom | smallest part on an element with all of the characteristics of the element |
| molecule | smallest part of a compound with all of the characteristics of the compound |
| compound | combination of two or more elements in a specific ratio |
| proton (p+) | positive charged atomic particle found in the nucleus |
| neutron (n) | neutral atomic particle found in the nucleus |
| electron (e-) | negatively charged atomic particle orbiting the nucleus (1836 times smaller than a proton) |
| isotope | different types of atoms of the same chemical element, each having a different number of neutrons |
| ion | An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons. |
| covalent bond | characterized by two non-metals sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms. |
| ionic bond | type of bond that involves a metals and a nonmetal. The metal donates one or more electrons |
| metallic bond | the bonding of metals to metals |
| John Dalton | "Father of Modern Chemistry" |
| Niels Bohr | Model of atom |
| 40,000 | How many pounds of minerals does a person use each year? |
| Silicates (SiO2) | The most common mineral family in the Earth's crust |
| Oxygen | The most common element in the Earth's surface |
| Silicon | The second most common element in the Earth's surface |
| The Atomic Number | also tell how many e- and p+ are in the atom |
| protons + neutrons= mass number | use this formula to calculate # of n in atom |
| "Hoffman's Law" | " Don't mess with the protons!" |
| Luster | the shine or lack of shine of a mineral (either metallic or non-metallic) |
| Crystal Shape | the way atoms align themselves to make flat planes |
| Streak | color of mineral's powder |
| Cleavage | the way a mineral breaks along a flat surface |
| Hardness | resistance to being scratched |
| Friedrich Mohs | developed a scale 1-10 using commonly known minerals |
| Fluorescence | glows with UV light |
| Phosphorescence | glows in dark |
| double refraction | calcite exhibits this (seeing double) |
| radioactivity | causes a Geiger counter to react |
| Metallic minerals | usually leave a dark streak and have densities of 5g/cm3 or greater |
| Non-metallic minerals | usually have a light or no-color streak and have densities less than 5g/cm3 |
| Density = mass divided by volume (D=m/v) | What is the equation for Density? |
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