Chapters 7-9
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Created by:
marcyweller16 on January 10, 2011
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 depth perception | the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance |
| developmental milestones | Characteristics and behaviors considered normal for children in specific age groups. |
| fine motor skills | physical abilities involving small body movements especially of hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin |
| gross motor gross motor skills | Skills that involve the large muscles of the body, such as those of the legs, arms and torso and the ability to make large movements, such as jumping and running |
| growth chart | A chart used to record growth in a child including weight, height, and head circumfrance. |
| hand-eye coordination | the ability to move hands and fingers precisely in relation to what is seen |
| proportion | harmonious arrangement or relation of parts or elements within a whole (as in a design) |
| reflexes | an automatic and often inborn response to a stimulus that involves a nerve impulse |
| stimulating enviroment | Environments that are stimulating for babies and young children up to age 5 |
| antibodies | Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents |
| malnutrition | a state of poor nutrition |
| shaken baby syndrome | a life-threatening condition that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth rupturing blood vessels in the brain and breaking neural connections |
| weaning | the process of changing from drinking from a bottle or the breast to a cup |
| cradle cap | a dermatitis of the scalp that is common in infants |
| diaper rash | patches of rough, irritated skin in the diaper area |
| immunizations | protection of individuals or groups from a specific diseases by vaccination or the injection of immune globulins |
| teething | the eruption through the gums of baby teeth |
| vaccine | immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies |
| attachment | the act of fastening things together |
| colic | acute abdominal pain (especially in infants) |
| emotional development | a developmental process that refers to the ability to experience, express, and control emotions |
| failure to thrive | a condition in which the baby does not grow and develop properly |
| reflux | the outward flow of the tide |
| social development | development, with age, of increasingly sophisticated understandings of other people and of society as a whole, as well as increasingly effective interpersonal skills and more internalized standards for behavior |
| temperament | an adjustment of the intervals (as in tuning a keyboard instrument) so that the scale can be used to play in different keys |
| cause and effect | The reason something happens and the result of it happening. |
| play environment | comfortable space free of dangers and with toys that are safe and interesting |
| stranger anxiety | the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age |
| axon | long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron |
| cortex | the layer of unmyelinated neurons (the gray matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum |
| dendrite | short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron |
| myelin | a white fatty substance that forms a medullary sheath around the axis cylinder of some nerve fibers |
| neuron | a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses |
| neural pathways | information highways of the brain - repeated stimulation/experience strengthens the pathway |
| neurotransmitter | transmits nerve impulses across a synapse |
| synapse | the junction between two neurons (axon-to-dendrite) or between a neuron and a muscle |
| Attention span | the length of time you can concentrate on some idea or activity |
| concepts | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |
| imaginative play | creating worlds of mind alone and with others. |
| object permanence | the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived |
| perception | becoming aware of something via the senses |
| sensorimotor period | In Piaget's theory, the period of cognitive development from birth to about 2 years, in which the child has not yet achieved object permanence. |
| symbolic thinking | when someone sees things in relation to other things and as having meaning at many levels |
| age appropriate | Things suitable for the age and individual needs of a child |
| childproofing | arranging the environment to ensure that a child can play and explore safely |
| manipulate | treat manually, as with massage, for therapeutic purposed |
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