Chapter 5
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell respiration | series of reactions that release energy as they break down sugars and other substances to carbon dioxide and water |
| aerobic respiration | respiration occuring in the presence of oxygen |
| anaerobic respiration | respiration occuring without oxygen |
| glycolysis | the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP |
| Krebs cycle | finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing energy |
| NAD+ | empty electron carriers |
| electron transport system | NADH is oxidized as it donates protons and electrons to the third stage of respiration |
| FAD | electron carrier molecule similar to NAD+ |
| pyruvic acid | a three carbon molecule that is the end product of glycolysis |
| lactate | another 3-carbon acid |
| lactic-acid fermentation | the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product |
| mitochondria | compartments in which the krebs cycle and the electron transport system occur |
| coenzyme A | a coenzyme present in all living cells |
| cytochromes | easily reduced and oxidized enzymes and other proteins |
| facultative aerobes | bacteria that can survive for long periods with or without oxygen |
| obligate anaerobes | bacteria poisoned by oxygen |
| obligate aerobes | cannot survive for long without oxygen |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds |
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