Science Ch 8, Quiz 1 (Section 1 & 2)
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Created by:
hgregg on January 11, 2011
Subjects:
properties of carbon, carbon compounds
Classes:
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 organic compounds | compounds that have carbon in them |
| organic chemistry | The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds). |
| hydrocarbons | organic molecules that are composed of only carbon and hydrogen |
| fullerenes | A synthetic (man-made) form of pure carbon in which the atoms are arranged in hollow spheres, like a geodesic dome or a hollow soccer ball. |
| diamond | A crystalline form of pure carbon; the hardest mineral crystal on Earth; used in drilling and cutting tools. |
| graphite | form of pure carbon formed of layers that slide past one another. "Lead" pencil is graphite. Lubricant in machines-reduces friction. |
| 3 shapes of hydrocarbons | straight chains, branched chains, ring-shaped chains |
| 2 common properties of all hydrocarbons | Flammable: they burn easily (propane, butane, etc.) and they do not mix well with water. |
| why can carbon bond with other elements in so many different ways? | it has four valence electrons |
| What atomic number is carbon? | 6 |
| What group and period is carbon located in? | Group 14, Period 2 |
| How many bonds can each carbon atom form? | 4 |
| What kind of a chemical bond does carbon form? | covalent |
| What is the hardest substance found on Earth? | diamonds-a pure form of carbon |
| In a structural diagram, what does a dash represent between the atoms in a compound? | One bond or a pair of electrons. |
| What is the name of the model when we use three dimensional drawings to represent chemical bonds? | Ball and Stick Model |
| What are four forms of pure carbon discussed in your book? | diamonds, graphite, fullerene, nanotubes |
| Why does carbon play a central role in the chemistry of living organisms? | Carbon's unique ability to combine in many ways with itself and other elements. |
| Fullerene | A form of carbon that consists of atoms arranged in the shape of a hollow sphere. |
| nanotube | A form of carbon that consists of atoms in the form of a long, hollow cylinder. Only a few nanometers in diameter, are very strong and light. May be used to deliver medicine molecules into cells. Good thermal and electrical conductors. |
| What are two forms of synthetic carbon discussed in class? | fullerene and nanotubes |
| What are 6 properties similar in organic compounds? | Low melting points, low boiling points (usually liquids or gases at room temperature), strong odor, do not conduct electricity, and do not dissolve in water. |
| In what state are most organic compounds found in? | liquid or gas |
| Are organic compounds found in only living things? | No. they are also found in products made from living things and materials produced artificially (paper, wood, gasoline, plastics, cosmetics, etc) |
| What are two properties of hydrocarbons? | Mix poorly with water and are flammable. |
| Flammable | burns easily |
| Structural formula | Shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule. |
| Draw the structural formula for methane (one carbon, four hydrogen) | See pg 299 |
| Draw the structural formula for ethane (two carbons, six hydrogen) | See pg 299 |
| Draw the structural formula for propane (three carbon, eight hydrogen) | See pg 299 |
| Why are hydrocarbons often used as fuels? | They release a lot of energy while burning. |
| What does the prefix in a hydrocarbon tell you? (Ex. Meth-, But-, Prop-) | The number of carbons in the compound. |
| What does the suffix -ane tell you about the bonds in hydrocarbons | There are only single bonds. It is a saturated hydrocarbon. |
| What does the suffix -ene tell you about at least one bond in hydrocarbons? | There is at least one double bond. It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. |
| What does the suffix -yne tell you about at least one bond in hydrocarbons? | There is at least one triple bond. It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. |
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