S. Brasil (Unit 7 Urbanization)
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Acropolis | the citadel in ancient Greek towns, A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city |
| Agora | a central area in Greek cities used both as a marketplace and as a meeting place |
| Egalitarian society | a society in which all persons of a given age-sex category have equal access to economic resources, power, and prestige., Societies where everyone was equal in social and political status. |
| Feudal city | Cities that arose during the Middle Ages and that actually represent a time of relative stagnation in urban growth. This system fostered a dependent relationship between wealthy landowners and peasants who worked their land, providing very little alternative economic opportunities. |
| Folk-preliterate city | City that keeps their traditions, and not modified by outside forces. |
| Formative era | The period between about 7000 and 5000 bc which noted the beginnings of the development of states and urbanization |
| Manufacturing city | a city overrun with factories, supply facilities, the expansion of transport systems, and the consturction of tenements for a growing labor force. |
| Mercantile city | a city in which a central square became the focus of the city flanked by royal, religious, public, and private buildings: streets leading to such squares formed the beginnings of a downtown |
| Modern city | City that is urbanized, industrialized, and has suburbs |
| Preindustrial city | city rarely larger than 100,000 people, urban areas were small, transportation was primitive, insecurity, poor sanitation, feudalism |
| Primate city | A country's largest city-ranking atop the urban hierarchy-most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital as well. |
| Stratified society | civilization in which people exist in different classes; the development of farming and early cities began this process. |
| Theocratic center | a network of ancient cities where rulers were deemed to have divine authority and were in effect god-kings |
| Urban banana | Arch of the dominant overland, trade-based cities stretching from London to Tokyo in the 1500s before the rise of sea-based trade and exploration. |
| Urban elite | a group of decision makers and organizers who controlled the resources, and sometimes the lives of others |
| Urban-industrial city | Fourth stage of city societies, a city that contains urban elements and industrial factories, the rise of capitalism, (Skyscrapers, more money ) |
| Basic sector | Those products or services of an urban economy that are exported outside the city itself, earning income for the community. |
| Blockbusting | Illegal practice of inducing homeowners to sell their properties by telling them that a certain people of a certain race, national origin or religion are moving into the area |
| Central business district | The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge. |
| Central city | the urban area that is not suburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by newer suburbs; the central part of a city |
| Centrality | The strength of an urban center in its capacity to attract produce and consumers to its facilities; a city's "reach" into the surrounding region |
| Central place theory | A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther. |
| Economic base | A community's collection of basic industries. |
| Economic reach | the maximum distance people can be from a central place and still be attracted to it of buisiness purposes |
| Edge cities | clusters of large buildings away from the central business district |
| Functional specialization | production of particular goods or services as a dominant activity in a particular location |
| Gated communities | Restricted neighborhoods or subdivisions, often literally fenced in, where entry is limited to residents and their guests. Although predominantly high-income based, in North America gated communities are increasingly a middle-class phenomenon. |
| Hinterland | The market area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves. |
| Megalopolis | an extensive concentration of urbanized settlement formed by a coalescence of several metropolitan areas. The term is commonly applied to the urbanized northeastern seaboard of the U.S. extending from Boston, MA to Washington, D.C., a very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns) |
| Multiplier effect | An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent. |
| Nonbasic sector | a sector in which workers are responsible for the functioning of the city itself |
| Racial steering | real estate agents advising customers to purchase homes in neighborhoods depending on their race |
| Rank-size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the 11th largest settlement is Un the population of the largest settlement. |
| Redlining | Illegal practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies in specific areas for reasons other than economic qualifications of applicants |
| Site | The physical character of a place |
| Situation | The location of a place relative to other places. |
| Suburb | A subsidiary urban area surrounding and connected to the central city. Many are exclusively residential; others have their own commercial centers or shopping malls. |
| Sunbelt | The southern and southwestern states, from the Carolinas to California, characterized by warm climate and recently, rapid population growth |
| Urban geography | a subfield of geography the focuses especially on urban places, their chraracteristics, processes of genesis and growth, their systems relative location, and interrelationshieps |
| Urban hierarchy | A ranking of settlements (hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis) according to their size and economic functions. |
| Urban realm | A spatial generalization of the large, late-twentieth-century city in the United States. It is shown to be a widely dispersed, multicentered metropolis consisting of increasingly independent zones or realms, each focused on its own suburban downtown; the only exception is the shrunken central realm, which is focused on the Central Business District (CBD). |
| Agglomeration | A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities. |
| Disamenity sector | The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords. |
| Zoning | Dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing |
| Deglomeration | The process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances and/or increasing costs due to congestion and competition. |
| Gentrification | a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area |
| Greenbelt | A ring of land maintained as parks, agricultural, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area |
| Informal economy | Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy |
| Microdistrict | the creation of a huge, dominant square at the center of the city and wide, radiating avenues flanked by ugly apartment blocks. |
| Remittances | money migrant send back to family and friends in their home coutnries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer coutnries |
| World city | Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce. |
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