Spencer Mitosis

Terms	Definitions
Chromatin	Thin twisted threads of DNA; appears in non-dividing cells
Chromosomes	Seen when chromatin shortens and thickens
Chromatids	Two identical parts (sisters) attached at a point called the centromere
Gene	Distinct unit on a chromosome
Sex Chromosomes	2 in humans; XX female and XY male
3 parts of cell cycle	Interphase, mitosis and Cytokinesis
Interphase	Period of cell growth; chromosomes make a copy of itself, DNA and protein are made; chromatin visible; where cell spends the majority of its time; 1st phase of the cell cycle
Mitosis	Division of the cell's nucleus in which the chromosomes in the parent cell divides into 2 identical cells
Cytokinesis	Cytoplasm divides in 2 daughter cells
Prophase	Chromosmes coil to short fat rods, nuclear envelope breaks up, spindle fibers form, asters appear
Metaphase	Kinetochore fibers move chromosomes to the equator (middle) of the cell
Anaphase	Centromere splits and the sister chromatids pulled to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase	Identical chromatids at opposite ends, centrioles and spindle fibers disappear, chromatids undwind and elongate to chromatin, nuclear membrane reappears
Polar Spindle Fibers	Connects centriole to centriole
Kinetochore Spindle Fibers	Connects centromere to centriole; controls the movement of the chromosomes
Animal Cell Mitosis	Cell membrane pinches in after telophase forming a furrow; has centrioles and asters
Plant Cell Mitosis	Forms a cell plate which turns into a new cell wall; no centrioles or asters
End Results of Mitosis	2 cells that are identical to the parent cell
Cancer	Cells divide at an uncontrollable rate, can begin at an early age but not be diagnosed until later, can spread throughout the body
Diagram of Interphase
Diagram of Prophase
Diagram of Metaphase
Diagram of Anaphase
Diagram of Telophase
Diagram of Cytokinesis