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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sediment | particles broken down by weathering and erosion of rock, chemical precipitation from solution in water, or he secretions of organisms and transported by water, wind or glaciers |
| 5 percent | percent of sedimentary rocks in earth's outer 16 kilometers |
| 75 percent | percent of all rock outcrops on the continents that are sedimentary |
| detrital sedimentary rocks | sediment that originates as solid particles from weathered rocks |
| chemical sedimentary rocks | soluble material produced largely by chemical weathering. These dissolved substances are precipitated back as solids |
| siltstone | fine-grained rock difficult to differentiate from shale that are composed of even smaller clay-size sediment |
| sandstone | sand-size grains prevail |
| breccia | gravel-size particles predominate and the rocks are angular |
| conglomerate | gravel-size particles predominate and the rocks are rounded |
| biochemical origin | when a rock forms from life processes of water-dwelling organisms |
| carbon cycle | flow of carbon between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere |
| limestone | sedimentary rock chiefly composed of the mineral calcite |
| coquina | coarse rock composed of loosely cemented shells and shell fragments |
| chalk | soft, porous rock made up almost entirely of the hard parts of microscopic organisms |
| travertine | type of limestone that decorates caverns |
| evaporites | remaining deposits once water has been lost by evaporation and replaced with ocean water |
| salt flat | when water evaporates and from the dissolved materials left behind there is a white crust on the ground |
| particle size | how detrital sedimentary rocks are classified |
| mineral composition | how chemical sedimentary rocks are classified |
| strata | layers of sediment that record the nature of the environment at the time the sediment was deposited |
| bedding planes | flat surfaces along which rocks tend to separate or break. They separate the strata |
| fossils | traces or remains of prehistoric life in rock |
| lithification | processes by which sediments are transformed into solid sedimentary rocks |
| compaction | as sediments accumulate through time, the weight of overlying material compresses the deeper sediments |
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