Sediments and Rivers
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Created by:
tfreeman14 on January 13, 2011
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 divides | imaginary lines that separates drainage basins |
| Drainage Basins | area that feeds a given river |
| tributarys | streams that feed the main river- divide drainage basins |
| Dendritic Drainage Pattern | water flows down and out comes together and flows out into a larger body of water |
| Radial Drainage Pattern | all water flows away from a central point |
| Rectangular Drainage Pattern | follows faults in the ground |
| Trellis Drainage Pattern | ridges of resistant rock, pattern formed along and less resistant valleys (Differential Weathering) |
| Bed Load | big stuff, solid, stuff rolls on riverbed, big material rolls |
| saltation | medium, lifted off ground, skips, object is smaller |
| suspended | small, muddy, floats suspended |
| Dissolved Load | diiferent, solution, cant see |
| erosion | removal of sediment faster river moves- more erosion |
| Deposition | sediment dropped by a river, river slows down materiallcan no longer be carried and gets deposited on a river bed |
| Base level | where it ends up- ocean mature |
| Features of Young River | water goes fast, in between moutains, V shaped valleys, relatively straight, water falls, rapids, pot holes |
| Pot holes | most formed in glacer meltings, rocks move in creveces cant getting out of hole |
| eddies | swirls in the water because something in the way |
| Ender | caused by eddies, points Kayak down into the water |
| point bar | deposition of inside a turn |
| cutbank | erosion into cliff side |
| flood plain | good farming- when river floods water deposits sediments |
| meander sear | dried up oxbow ( lake) erodes away |
| oxbow | Old meanders now cut off or abandoned by a stream |
| Yazoo tributerie | flows alone, parallel to main river |
| meanders | big bends in rivers, mostly mature rivers |
| alluvial fans | occurs when base level are dry, deposits sand |
| deltas | occurs when base level is water braided streams |
| rock | a group of minerals bound together |
| Igneaus | rock made from molten |
| Sedimentary | rock made from sediments ex. sandstone |
| sediments | anything thats been weathered |
| metamorphic | rock made from things that have been changed, extreme heat and pressure |
| The rock cycle | minerals can go around ______ |
| Classic (type of sedimentary rocks) | formed from mechanically weathered sediments and rock fragments (ex sandstone) |
| Chemical (type of sedimentary rocks) | formed from chemicals precipitating out of solution (ex salts) |
| Organic (type of sedimentary rocks) | formed from deposited plant and animal materials (ex: coal, limestone) |
| erosion | brings sediments to river, most common upstream |
| Lithification | melting a rock, sediments accumulate, tremendous pressure, water squeezed out, dissolved minerals left banished |
| clasts | stones sand held together by matrix |
| matrix | holds clasts together, cements them together to form sediments |
| conglomerate | mixed fragments, rounded, transported alot |
| Breccia | angular, not been transported a lot |
| sandstone | sand fine to coarse |
| siltstone | silt, very fine grain |
| shale | clay, compact |
| horizontal | the only way sedimentary rocks form |
| salt flats | layers of salt |
| chemical sedimentary rocks | crystal sediments from chemical precipitates and evaporates |
| Discharge | ammount of water flowing past a given point, volume over time : length 3 over time |
| Capacity | will not calculate maximum total ammount of material transported by river, related to sediments |
| Copetence | biggest thing river can move, relative to a known value (missimg equation) |
| Gradient | slope rise over run, steeper the ______ faster the water |
| Reoccurrence Interval | how long it will be between the occurences of an event - typically used for floods, used for innsurance and real estate' (missing equation) |
| infiltration | the movement of water into rocks or soil through cracks and pore spaces |
| three main parts of a river system | zones of erosion, transportation, and deposition |
| sorting | process by which like- sized particles are deposited together |
| base level | the lowest point to which a stream may erode its channel, ultimate and temporary |
| entrenched meander | bend in the rejuvenated river |
| rejuvenated river | when a mature river becomes a young river |
| natural levee | elevated landforms that parallel some streams and act to confine their waters, except during floodstage |
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