Acid Base Stuff
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Created by:
betascarface on January 13, 2011
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Normal Concentration of Hydrogen | 40 mEq/L (pH 7.4) |
| Process of Renal Bicarbonate Generation | Through urinary acidification and ammonia generation |
| Bicarbonate Reabsorption Location | The proximal tubule is a high capacity bicarbonate reabsorption system as a result of carbonic anhydrase in the luminal membrane |
| Factors Increasing Bicarbonate Reabsorption | Increased by: -Volume depletion -Elevation in pCO2 -Hypokalemia |
| Metabolic Acidosis | Characterized by a decrease in the serum bicarbonate concentration. |
| Metabolic Acidosis with a normal anion gap | Most commonly caused by extrarenal losses of bicarbonate as occurs in diarrheal diseases |
| Urinary Anion Gap | (Na + K) - Cl. Normally should be negative, between 30 and 50 mEq/L |
| Metabolic Alkalosis | The normal bicarbonate increases following gain in base or loss of acid is not corrected by excretion of excess bicarbonate. |
| Metabolic Alkalosis Cause | Most commonly gastric loss of HCl by vomiting or mechanical drainage. |
| Acute Respiratory Acidosis | Occurs with a sudden depression of the medullary center, with paralysis of the respiratory muscles, and with airway obstruction. |
| Patients presenting with Chronic Respiratory Acidosis | -Chronic Airway Disease (emphysema) -Extreme kyphoscoliosis -Extreme obesity (pickwickian syndrome) |
| Respiratory Acidosis Presentation | Acute increases in the pCO2 result in somnolescence, confusion and CO2 narcosis. |
| Respiratory Acidosis Treatment | Treatment of the underlying disorder and ventilatory support |
| Bicarb levels in Respiratory Acidosis | Increased. |
| Respiratory Alkalosis Cause | Most commonly a result of pregnancy |
| Altitude Change and Respiratory Alkalosis | Chronic hyperventilation occurs in the acclimization to high altitudes caused by reduced ambient partial pressure of oxygen. |
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