Joints, Bones, & Ligaments (Wrist & Hand)
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Carpals | Pisiform, Triquetrum, Lunate, Scaphoid, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium, & Hook of the hamate |
| Proximal Row | Pisiform, triquetrum, lunate, & scaphoid |
| Distal Row | Hamate, capitate, trapezoid, & trapezium |
| Metacarpals | Digits 1-5 (thumb is always #1) |
| Proximal Phalanges | (Phalanx = singular form) - digits 1-5 |
| Middle Phalanges | Digits 2-5 |
| Distal Phalanges | Digits 1-5 |
| Radiocarpal Joint Resting Position | Neutral with slight ulnar deviation (Ex: Shake hands) |
| Radiocarpal Joint Close-Packed Position | Full extension (Ex: Hand stand) |
| Midcarpal Joint | Plane Joint - A smll amount of gliding occurs to assist with wrist motions |
| 1st Carpometacarpal (CMC)/ Trapeziometacarpal Joint | Saddle Joint (2 planes of motion); Where thumb attaches to hand |
| CMC Resting Position | Midway between end ranges of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction |
| CMC Close-packed Position | Full opposition (diagnal motion that encompasses flexion and abduction) |
| 2nd-5th Carpometacarpal Joint | Plane Joint - A small amount of gliding occurs to assist with finger motions |
| Radiocarpal Joint, Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint | Condyloid Joint (2 planes of motion) |
| MCP & PIP Resting Position | Slight flexion |
| MCP Close-Packed Position | 1st MCP - full extension; 2nd-5th MCP - full flexion |
| Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) Joint, Distal Interphalangeal (DIP) Joint, Thumber Interphalangeal (IP) Joint | Hinge Joint |
| PIP Joint Close-Packed Position (all phalangeal joints) | Full extension |
| Medial & Lateral Collateral Ligaments | Resist varus & valgus forces present at the wrist and all finger joints |
| Carpal Ligaments | Anterior, posterior, & interosseous |
| Palmar Aponeurosis | Strong thick fascia that covers & protects the flexor tendons in the palm |
| Palmar Ligaments | Located on palmar surface of finger joints and prevents hyperextension |
| Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligaments | Hold the MCP joints of digits 2-5 together and limit ABD |
| Extensor Hood (AKA: Extensor Expansion) | Wraps around the dorsum (dorsal surface) of MCP joints and holds the extensor tendons centrally |
| Flexor Retinaculum | Covers flexor tendons on the anterior aspect of the wrist and prevents bowstringing |
| Extensor Retinaculum | Covers the extensor tendons on the posterior aspect of wrist and prevents bowstringing |
| Functional Position of the Hand | With the wrist in slight extension and ulnar deviation and fingers are all slightly flexed. It optimizes the length tension curve for the flexor muscles allowing disabled people the best opportunity for grasping |
| Power Grips | Cylindrical Grip - soda can, Spherical Grip - softball, Hook Grip - briefcase or suitcase |
| Lateral Prehension | Uses sides of fingers |
| 2 Jaw Chuck | Pads of index finger and thumb |
| 3 Jaw Chuck | Pads of index finger, middle finger and thumb |
| Tip Pinch/Pincher Grip | Tip of index finger and tip of thumb |
| Key Grip | Pad of thumb and side of index finger |
| Lumbrical Grip | Holding a plate with thumb on top |
| Extrinsic | Originate on outside of hand and insert onto the hand |
| Intrinsic | Origin and insertion are both in the hand |
| Cylindrical Grip | Soda Can |
| Spherical Grip | Softball |
| Hook Grip | Briefcase |
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