Finals: Latin America 1
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Created by:
NaomiArtichokie on January 14, 2011
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Treaty of Tordesillas | 1494 an agreement between Portugal and Spain about the "new world" (aka latin America) Portugal gets east (Brazil,) Spain gets west |
| Social Darwinism | Europe using Darwin's theory to make what they're doing in colonizing L-A seem OK "If we shouldn't we wouldn't be able to", white's duty to take care of lesser ppl: educate, convert related to white man's burden |
| Mayans | 300-900 CE, 50ish city-states in mexico/central america, governed seperatley but inited by language/ religion, farmers, huge pyramids, much of wealth from trade, ruler in each city w/ nobles/ priests also having much power, had writing, acurate calender, understand 0, died off 900 AD, unknown cause but we think because of deforestation, language still spoken |
| Aztec | 1200-1521 CE ancestors migrate to Valley of Mexico in 1200 & build city of Tenochtitlan in Lake Tecococ (modern day mex. city) , farmers not hunters, made islands of floating earth 4 extra farm land expanded in 1400s across most of mexico violently, by 1500 about 30 m aztecs., had single ruler (Montezuma in 1521) , polytheistic, chief god is Huitcilopochtli, lots of sacrifice, had writing, meds, acurate calenders, DEFEAT: Cortés arrives w/ 600 men, Aztecs think he is a god, goes to tenochtitlan, hears of more spanih arriving, leaves 80 men in Tenoch. to go fight them off, 80 attack, leads to war which spanish win in august 1521, |
| Tenochititlan | modern day mexico city, made by aztecs ancestors in 1200s, on an island in the middle of lake Texcoco, impresses the Spanish, even more advanced than their cities architectually |
| Inca | 1438-1532 empire in Peru, Ecuador, and bolivia conquered 350,000 square miles of land, complex system pf roads w/ runners to get news around, one king (called Sapa Inca), nobles in each city, conquered more gently then aztecs, offered ppl the opportunity to be part of their civ. only attacked if they refused. DEFEAT: in 1525 the Sapa Inca and his heir died, battle between two ppl to be new king, 1532 Attahualpa becomes king, later that year Pizarro arrives, and Atahuallpa goes to meet him w/o weapons, spanish defeat them that day |
| quipas | Incas (1438-1532) used colored strings tied in complicated knots to record history, count ppl/ food etc, and passed between runners to bring info from one place to another. had 1000s only a few 100 still exist today |
| Cortes | The man who, with a mere 600 spanish and some natives was able to defeat the Aztec empire in 1521, had 2 translators to speak to Aztecs, 1 to translate spanish to mayan, one to translate mayan to nahault (aztec language) made alliances w/ natives on Tlaxcala and other towns who were angered at aztecs so army grew |
| Pizarro | the man who defeated the incan empire in 1532 met w/ Attahualpa, and defeated his empire, had weapons |
| Encomiendas | starting in the 1500s the spanish crown would grant pieces of land to th econquistadors, and with that goes all the labor of the indians living on that land (peons) |
| New Laws of 1542 | 1542, from king of spain sends thrm down to viceroys who get them to ppl, rules that you can't just enslave the indians on your encomienda, but you can use them as peons/ tneant farmers |
| Peons | Indian tenant farmers, don't get enough pay to ever get ahead, because have to pay a rent to live on the land they've always lived on, after laws of 1542 they are not slaves, but peons, however it doesn't make a huge difference |
| Atahualpa | became the Incan king in 1532, later that year Pizarro arrived and Atahualpa went to meet him w/o weapons, led to defeat of Incans even though only a handful of spanish |
| Creoles | 1500s children of the conquistadors and Spanish immigrants, Spanish born in New Spain, considered lower than Peninsulares |
| Peninsulares | 1500s Spanish Immigrants, born in spain, considered higher than Creoles, the Spanish king would tend to put them in charge instead of Creoles because trusted them more |
| Viceroy | After the council of Indies was established in 1524 to watch over the new world, europe realized they also needed a ruler in new world, etablished the Viceroy of New-Spain |
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