| Term | Definition |
| chariot | a wheeled horse-drawn cart used in battle |
| Hammurabi's Code | a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life |
| cataract | a strong rapid |
| Menes | rose to power in Upper Egypt; he wanted to unify Upper and Lower Egypt |
| dynasty | a series of rulers from the same family |
| Khufu | the most famous pharoah of the Old Kingdom; ruled in 2500BC; many monuments were built to him |
| elite | people of wealth or power |
| engineering | the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes |
| Ramses the Great | pharoah whose reign was one of the longest in Egyptian history; he fought the Hittites |
| sphinxes | imaginary creatures with the bodies of lions and the heads of other animals or humans |