History Unit VII - China, Korea, Japan
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mandarin Chinese | The main language of (ancient) China, had the most people speak it, with other languages spread out over China aswell |
| Kana | Japanese system of writing with simplified Chinese characters that are used phonetically |
| Domesticated Animals | pig, dog, sheep & ox |
| Song Dynasty | (960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; under constant threat from other nations; the mongols invaded to ensure their end |
| Peasants | laborers of the Middle Ages |
| Porcelain | a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China. Only started being traded once ships were being used |
| Kublai Khan | Grandson of Genghis, conquered Southern China & defeated Song dynasty, and founded the Yuan dynasty, |
| Zheng He | Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia |
| Treasure Fleets | Zheng He's ships. A massive fleet headed by Zheng He, went on a total of 7 voyages and died on the 7th one |
| Missionaries | people sent out to carry a religious message; also focuses on converting non-Christians to Christianity |
| Choson/Yi Dynasty | The last and longest-lived imperial dynasty (1392-1910) of Korea; their 3rd dynasty; followed Confucianism; stratified society, large slave class; economy not as strong as Japan or China. Eventually the Japanese conquered Korea and ended the dynasty, creating a colony on its road to empire in Asia. Korean Dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; resotred aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence |
| Heian Period | The era in Japanese history from AD 794 to 1185; arts and writing flourished during this time. Tale of Genji written in this period |
| Daimyo | a Japanese large land owner & feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai. |
| Manchus/Qing Dynasty | China was ruled by the Manchu, invaded China and destroyed the Ming Dynasty collapsed; they seized Beijing, and their leader became China's new emperor; they took a Chinese name for their dynasty, ruled for 260 years; last dynasty of China |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | ; 4 class system, warriors, farmers, artisans, merchants; Japan's ports were closed off; wanted to create their own culture; illegal to fight; merchants became rich because domestic trade flourished (because fighting was illegal); had new forms of art - kabuki and geishas |
| Yellow/Yangtze Rivers | Two parallel rivers in China that brought the east and west together; connected by the Grand Canal |
| Hangul | Korean phonetic alphabet |
| Confuciansim | the system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct |
| Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. (p. 277) |
| Foot Binding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household |
| Silk Road | an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles). Used by Marco Polo to reach Cathay |
| Marco Polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. Served Kublai Khan on his expedition |
| Peninsula | land surrounded by water on three sides |
| Zen Buddhism | a Buddhist sect that emphasizes enlightenment through meditation and stresses simplicity and discipline |
| Celadon | Korean ceramic pottery with a thin blue or green glaze. |
| Tale of Genji | story of Prince Genji and his lovers, written by Lady Murasaki Shikibu at end of 11th century, world's first full novel |
| Shogun | The supreme military commander of Japan during the Samurai era |
| Kowtow | a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission |
| Jesuits | Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534. They played an important part in the Catholic Reformation and helped create conduits of trade and knowledge between Asia and Europe. (p. 548) |
| Characters | ... |
| East West Axis | Diamond's theory is that if civilizations lie on the ____-_____ ______, they will be successful. The same latitude over the globe |
| Civil Service Exam | Confucian exam to acquire a position in the Chinese bureaucracy |
| Mongol Invasion | Fearless mongols invade China with missiles; they reigned China and most of Asia for 150 years |
| Pagoda | Buddhist temples with many-storied towers; this was adapted from the Chinese |
| Genghis Khan | A Mongolian general and emperor of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, known for his military leadership and great cruelty. He conquered vast portions of northern China and southwestern Asia. |
| Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. Had a booming economy; Zheng He came from this time |
| Archipelago | a group of many islands in a large body of water |
| Silla Dynasty | 1st Korean dynasty;ruling dynasty in Korea from 668 to the late 9th century; a time of buddhism; eventually collapsed after conflicts between peasants and artisans |
| Uji | Japanese word for clan |
| Samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy |
| Japanese Emperor | During the 18th century in Japan, this person reigned (top of the Feudal system) but did not rule. |
| Hermit Kingdom | name given to Korea for its self-imposed isolation from other nations during the Yi dynasty. Imprisoned or even executed any foreigners who came to their borders |
| Paper Currency | Mongols introduced this for all of China. They made this a requirement for any kind of trade. It also controlled inflation and money supply. Started with notes which could buy you X at your home country instead of having to transport X across borders |
| barbarians | Term for any peoples who were considered "cultural outsiders." |
| Climate | varied up and down China |
| Merchants | Limited to trade in China, Korea, Japan. Were looked down upon |
| Bureaucracy | system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials |
| Calligraphy | The art of beautiful handwriting |
| Stirrup | support consisting of metal loops into which Horse rider's feet go. Invented by the Mongols, enabled them to ride faster and kill their enemies at the same time. |
| Paper/Printing | A Chinese invention |
| Buddhism | a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha |
| Koryo Dynasty | The 2nd Korean dynasty; ruled from 935-1392, Replaced the Silla Dynasty in Korea. capital was Songak; name contributed to Koreas name now |
| Shinto | The traditional religion of Japan |
| Bushido | traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple living |
| Mateo Ricci | An Italian Priest, was a Jesuit. Tried to convert the Chinese and their emperor to christianity |
| Turtle Boats | Korean armored tanks on water. |
| Timber | ... |
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