Organic Chemistry
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 organic chemistry | study of compounds found in living organisms that conatin both carbon and hydrogen |
| 4 organic macromolecules | carbohydrate, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids |
| carbon has ____ valence electrons | four |
| transports materials into and out of the cell | proteins |
| carries the instructions to build proteins | Nucleic Acids |
| carbohydrate | a macromolecule that provides energy and is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio |
| monosaccharide | single sugar |
| polysaccharide | several single sugars that are joined together (complex carbohydrate) |
| lipid | macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| saturated fats | have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms; NO carbon-carbon double bonds |
| unsaturated fats | contain atlest one carbon-carbon double bond; liquid at room temperature |
| phospholipid | a main component of the cell membrane |
| steroids | lipids that act as chemical messengers |
| essential fatty acids | lipids that are needed by the body and are acquired from the food we eat |
| amino acids | monomers or building blocks of proteins |
| R group | the part of the amino acid that varies |
| proteins | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; serve as structural components, enzymes, and antibodies |
| nucleic Acids | macromolecules that contain, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous |
| deoxyribonucleic Acid | contains the sugar deoxyribose and stores genetic information |
| ribonucleic Acid | contains the sugar ribose and carries out protein synthesis |
| four nitrogen bases in DNA | adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine |
| four nitrogen bases in RNA | adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil |
| monomer of nucleic acids | nucleotides |
| parts of a nucleotide | 5 carbon sugar, nitrogen base, and a phophate group |
| glycerol and fatty acids | lipids |
| glucose | single sugar produced during photosynthesis |
| glycogen | animal starch that is stored in the liver |
| cellulose | starch that is stored in the cell wall of plants |
| inorganic compounds | compounds that DO NOT contain carbon and hydrogen |
| What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? | Saturated fats have NO carbon-carbon double bonds and unsaturated fats have al least one. |
| What type of bonds do Organic Compounds contain? | Covalent bonds |
| Why is Carbon able to interact with so many elements? | It has 4 valence electrons. |
| What is the basic unit (monomer) of cellulose and glycogen? | monosaccharides |
| What is produced during photosynthesis? | glucose (carbohydrate) |
| What two macromolecules help store energy? | carbohydrates and lipids |
| main componenet of the cell membrane | lipids |
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